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Reinforcement learning has proven effective for enhancing multi-step reasoning in large language models (LLMs), yet its benefits have not fully translated to multilingual contexts. Existing methods struggle with a fundamental trade-off:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Yuchun Fan , Bei Li , Peiguang Li , Yilin Wang , Yongyu Mu , Jian Yang , Xin Chen , Rongxiang Weng , Jingang Wang , Xunliang Cai , Jingbo Zhu , Tong Xiao

An all-too-present bottleneck for text classification model development is the need to annotate training data and this need is multiplied for multilingual classifiers. Fortunately, contemporary machine translation models are both easily…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Adam King

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used to evaluate natural language generation tasks as automated metrics. However, the likelihood, a measure of LLM's plausibility for a sentence, can vary due to superficial differences in sentences,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Masanari Oi , Masahiro Kaneko , Ryuto Koike , Mengsay Loem , Naoaki Okazaki

Large pretrained models are showing increasingly better performance in reasoning and planning tasks across different modalities, opening the possibility to leverage them for complex sequential decision making problems. In this paper, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Martin Klissarov , Devon Hjelm , Alexander Toshev , Bogdan Mazoure

With the availability of large databases and recent improvements in deep learning methodology, the performance of AI systems is reaching or even exceeding the human level on an increasing number of complex tasks. Impressive examples of this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-08-29 Wojciech Samek , Thomas Wiegand , Klaus-Robert Müller

In this study, we propose a structured methodology that utilizes large language models (LLMs) in a cost-efficient and parsimonious manner, integrating the strengths of scholars and machines while offsetting their respective weaknesses. Our…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Navid Asgari , Benjamin M. Cole

Deep learning models for semantics are generally evaluated using naturalistic corpora. Adversarial methods, in which models are evaluated on new examples with known semantic properties, have begun to reveal that good performance at these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Atticus Geiger , Ignacio Cases , Lauri Karttunen , Chris Potts

With the capabilities of understanding and executing natural language instructions, Large language models (LLMs) can potentially act as a powerful tool for textual data augmentation. However, the quality of augmented data depends heavily on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Yichuan Li , Kaize Ding , Jianling Wang , Kyumin Lee

There is a growing interest in improving the conversational ability of models by filtering the raw dialogue corpora. Previous filtering strategies usually rely on a scoring method to assess and discard samples from one perspective, enabling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Yiwei Li , Bin Sun , Shaoxiong Feng , Kan Li

This paper introduces a Dual Evaluation Framework to comprehensively assess the multilingual capabilities of LLMs. By decomposing the evaluation along the dimensions of linguistic medium and cultural context, this framework enables a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Jiahao Ying , Wei Tang , Yiran Zhao , Yixin Cao , Yu Rong , Wenxuan Zhang

Deep learning has brought an unprecedented progress in computer vision and significant advances have been made in predicting subjective properties inherent to visual data (e.g., memorability, aesthetic quality, evoked emotions, etc.).…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-12-04 Aliaksandr Siarohin , Gloria Zen , Nicu Sebe , Elisa Ricci

Gender bias in language models has attracted sufficient attention because it threatens social justice. However, most of the current debiasing methods degraded the model's performance on other tasks while the degradation mechanism is still…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Yiran Liu , Xiao Liu , Haotian Chen , Yang Yu

Authorship identification tasks, which rely heavily on linguistic styles, have always been an important part of Natural Language Understanding (NLU) research. While other tasks based on linguistic style understanding benefit from deep…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-01 Weicheng Ma , Ruibo Liu , Lili Wang , Soroush Vosoughi

Modern statistical machine translation (SMT) systems usually use a linear combination of features to model the quality of each translation hypothesis. The linear combination assumes that all the features are in a linear relationship and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-03-03 Shujian Huang , Huadong Chen , Xinyu Dai , Jiajun Chen

Despite the increasing effectiveness of language models, their reasoning capabilities remain underdeveloped. In particular, causal reasoning through counterfactual question answering is lacking. This work aims to bridge this gap. We first…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Alihan Hüyük , Xinnuo Xu , Jacqueline Maasch , Aditya V. Nori , Javier González

As large language models (LLMs) become increasingly powerful, traditional evaluation metrics tend to saturate, making it challenging to distinguish between models. We propose a general method to transform existing LLM evaluations into a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 William F. Bradley

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional multitasking abilities, fine-tuning these models on downstream, domain-specific datasets is often necessary to yield superior performance on test sets compared to their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Haoran Yang , Yumeng Zhang , Jiaqi Xu , Hongyuan Lu , Pheng Ann Heng , Wai Lam

Despite the widely reported success of embedding-based machine learning methods on natural language processing tasks, the use of more easily interpreted engineered features remains common in fields such as cognitive impairment (CI)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-14 Benjamin Eyre , Aparna Balagopalan , Jekaterina Novikova

We introduce Language Feedback Models (LFMs) that identify desirable behaviour - actions that help achieve tasks specified in the instruction - for imitation learning in instruction following. To train LFMs, we obtain feedback from Large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Victor Zhong , Dipendra Misra , Xingdi Yuan , Marc-Alexandre Côté

In recent years, the use of large language models (LLMs) for text classification has attracted widespread attention. Despite this, the classification accuracy of LLMs has not yet universally surpassed that of smaller models. LLMs can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Min Zeng , Caiquan Liu , Shiqi Zhang , Li Xie , Chen Sang , Xiaoxin Chen