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We propose modulation protocols designed to generate, store and transfer compact localized states in a quantum network. Induced by parameter tuning or local reflection symmetries, such states vanish outside selected domains of the complete…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-28 M. Röntgen , C. V. Morfonios , I. Brouzos , F. K. Diakonos , P. Schmelcher

Distributed quantum information in networks is paramount for global secure quantum communication. Moreover, it finds applications as a resource for relevant tasks, such as clock synchronization, magnetic field sensing, and blind quantum…

The main service provided by the coming Quantum Internet will be creating entanglement between any two quantum nodes. We discuss and classify attacks on quantum repeaters, which will serve roles similar to those of classical Internet…

We describe a quantum repeater protocol for long-distance quantum communication. In this scheme, entanglement is created between qubits at intermediate stations of the channel by using a weak dispersive light-matter interaction and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 P. van Loock , T. D. Ladd , K. Sanaka , F. Yamaguchi , Kae Nemoto , W. J. Munro , Y. Yamamoto

Given the diverse array of physical systems available for quantum computing and the absence of a well-defined quantum internet protocol stack, the design and optimisation of quantum networking protocols remain largely unexplored. To address…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-22 Vinay Kumar , Claudio Cicconetti , Marco Conti , Andrea Passarella

The vision to develop quantum networks entails multi-user applications, which require the generation of long-distance multi-party entangled states. The current rapid experimental progress in building prototype-networks calls for new design…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-24 V. V. Kuzmin , D. V. Vasilyev , N. Sangouard , W. Dür , C. A. Muschik

Quantum entanglement is an indispensable resource for many significant quantum information processing tasks. However, because of the noise in quantum channels, it is difficult to distribute quantum entanglement over a long distance in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-31 Zhaofeng Su , Ji Guan , Lvzhou Li

Entanglement percolation aims at generating maximal entanglement between any two nodes of a quantum network by utilizing strategies based solely on local operations and classical communication between the nodes. As it happens in classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-27 Alessandro Romancino , Jordi Romero-Pallejà , G. Massimo Palma , Anna Sanpera

Until quantum repeaters become mature, quantum networks remain restricted either to limited areas of directly connected nodes or to nodes connected to a common node. We circumvent this limitation by conceiving quantum networks using secure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-21 Gui-Lu Long , Dong Pan , Yu-Bo Sheng , Qikun Xue , Jianhua Lu , Lajos Hanzo

Long-distance quantum communication requires reliable entanglement distribution, but direct generation with protocols such as Barrett--Kok suffers from exponentially decreasing success probability with distance, making it impractical over…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-10 Wenhan Li , Shiyu Zhang

In order for quantum communications systems to become widely used, it will probably be necessary to develop quantum repeaters that can extend the range of quantum key distribution systems and correct for errors in the transmission of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 J. D. Franson , B. C. Jacobs , T. B. Pittman

We present a physical- and link-level design for the creation of entangled pairs to be used in quantum repeater applications where one can control the noise level of the initially distributed pairs. The system can tune dynamically, trading…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 W. J. Munro , R. Van Meter , Sebastien G. R. Louis , Kae Nemoto

We study entanglement distribution in quantum complex networks where nodes are connected by bipartite entangled states. These networks are characterized by a complex structure, which dramatically affects how information is transmitted…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-05-18 Martí Cuquet , John Calsamiglia

Quantum repeaters are critical to the development of quantum networks, enabling rates of entanglement distribution beyond those attainable by direct transmission. We consider multiple continuous-variable, squeezed light-based entanglement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-24 Ian J. Tillman , Allison Rubenok , Saikat Guha , Kaushik P. Seshadreesan

Quantum entanglement is a building block of the entangled quantum networks of the quantum Internet. A fundamental problem of the quantum Internet is entanglement distribution. Since quantum entanglement will be fundamental to any future…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-02 Laszlo Gyongyosi , Sandor Imre

We analyze a novel method that uses fixed, minimal physical resources to achieve generation and nested purification of quantum entanglement for quantum communication over arbitrarily long distances, and discuss its implementation using…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 L. I. Childress , J. M. Taylor , A. S. Sorensen , M. D. Lukin

Entanglement routing in near-term quantum networks consists of choosing the optimal sequence of short-range entanglements to combine through swapping operations to establish end-to-end entanglement between two distant nodes. Similar to…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Amar Abane , Michael Cubeddu , Van Sy Mai , Abdella Battou

We present a quantum repeater protocol for distributing entanglement over long distances, where a dedicated communication stage enables trial rates not limited by the travel time between repeater nodes. To accomplish this, each node…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-25 Adam Kinos , Andreas Walther , Stefan Kröll , Lars Rippe

Conventional quantum routing operates under the entrenched assumption that pathfinding is a prerequisite for routing. This classical-inspired routing model imposes a restricting design option, which prevents scaling the quantumness to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-16 Si-Yi Chen , Angela Sara Cacciapuoti , Marcello Caleffi

In quantum communication via noisy channels, the error probability scales exponentially with the length of the channel. We present a scheme of a quantum repeater that overcomes this limitation. The central idea is to connect a string of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 H. -J. Briegel , W. Dür , J. I. Cirac , P. Zoller
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