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Protecting source code against reverse engineering and theft is an important problem. The goal is to carry out computations using confidential algorithms on an untrusted party while ensuring confidentiality of algorithms. This problem has…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-12-13 Johannes Schneider , Thomas Locher

In a functional encryption (FE) scheme, a user that holds a ciphertext and a function key can learn the result of applying the function to the plaintext message. Security requires that the user does not learn anything beyond the function…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-18 Arthur Mehta , Anne Müller

Quantum circuit obfuscation is becoming increasingly important to prevent theft and reverse engineering of quantum algorithms. As quantum computing advances, the need to protect the intellectual property contained in quantum circuits…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Pradyun Parayil , Amal Raj , Vivek Balachandran

With the rapid advancement of quantum computing, quantum compilation has become a crucial layer connecting high-level algorithms with physical hardware. In quantum cloud computing, compilation is performed on the cloud platforms, which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-16 Chenyi Zhang , Tao Shang , Xueyi Guo , Yuanjing Zhang

In 2021, Broadbent and Kazmi developed a gate-teleportation-based protocol for computational indistinguishability obfuscation of quantum circuits. This protocol is efficient for Clifford+T circuits with logarithmically many T-gates, where…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-25 Joshua Nevin

An unknown unitary gates, which is secretly chosen from several known ones, can always be distinguished perfectly. In this paper, we implement such a task on IBM's quantum processor. More precisely, we experimentally demonstrate the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-07-03 Shusen Liu , Yinan Li , Runyao Duan

As the quantum computing ecosystem grows in popularity and utility it is important to identify and address the security and privacy vulnerabilities before they can be widely exploited. One major concern is the involvement of third party…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-05 Suryansh Upadhyay , Swaroop Ghosh

Designing quantum processors is a complex task that demands advanced verification methods to ensure their correct functionality. However, traditional methods of comprehensively verifying quantum devices, such as quantum process tomography,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-04 Keren Li , Peng Yan , Hanru Jiang , Nengkun Yu

In this paper, we study the problem of learning an unknown quantum circuit of a certain structure. If the unknown target is an $n$-qubit Clifford circuit, we devise an efficient algorithm to reconstruct its circuit representation by using…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-29 Ching-Yi Lai , Hao-Chung Cheng

Program obfuscation aims to conceal a program's internal structure while preserving its functionality. A central open problem is whether an obfuscation scheme for arbitrary quantum circuits exists. Despite several efforts having been made…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-15 Miryam Mi-Ying Huang , Er-Cheng Tang

There is no unique way to encode a quantum algorithm into a quantum circuit. With limited qubit counts, connectivities, and coherence times, circuit optimization is essential to make the best use of near-term quantum devices. We introduce…

Quantum architecture search (QAS) is the process of automating architecture engineering of quantum circuits. It has been desired to construct a powerful and general QAS platform which can significantly accelerate current efforts to identify…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-15 Shi-Xin Zhang , Chang-Yu Hsieh , Shengyu Zhang , Hong Yao

Circuit obfuscation is a frequently used approach to conceal logic functionalities in order to prevent reverse engineering attacks on fabricated chips. Efficient obfuscation implementations are expected with lower design complexity and…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2018-02-09 Jianlei Yang , Xueyan Wang , Qiang Zhou , Zhaohao Wang , Hai , Li , Yiran Chen , Weisheng Zhao

We investigate the definition of security for encryption scheme in quantum context. We systematically define the indistinguishability and semantic security for quantum public-key and private-key encryption schemes, and for computational…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-06-22 Chong Xiang , Li Yang

In this paper we show that the existence of general indistinguishability obfuscators conjectured in a few recent works implies, somewhat counterintuitively, strong impossibility results for virtual black box obfuscation. In particular, we…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-02-14 Nir Bitansky , Ran Canetti , Henry Cohn , Shafi Goldwasser , Yael Tauman Kalai , Omer Paneth , Alon Rosen

Security is an important facet of integrated circuit design for many applications. IP privacy and Trojan insertion are growing threats as circuit fabrication in advanced nodes almost inevitably relies on untrusted foundries. A proposed…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-21 Joseph Sweeney , Samuel Pagliarini , Lawrence Pileggi

Quantum coherence plays a fundamental and operational role in different areas of physics. A resource theory has been developed to characterize the coherence of distinguishable particles systems. Here we show that indistinguishability of…

Gate camouflaging is a technique for obfuscating the function of a circuit against reverse engineering attacks. However, if an adversary has pre-existing knowledge about the set of functions that are viable for an application, random…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-03-03 Shahrzad Keshavarz , Christof Paar , Daniel Holcomb

The identification of an unknown quantum gate is a significant issue in quantum technology. In this paper, we propose a quantum gate identification method within the framework of quantum process tomography. In this method, a series of pure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-15 Yuanlong Wang , Qi Yin , Daoyi Dong , Bo Qi , Ian R. Petersen , Zhibo Hou , Hidehiro Yonezawa , Guo-Yong Xiang

Unitary decomposition is a widely used method to map quantum algorithms to an arbitrary set of quantum gates. Efficient implementation of this decomposition allows for translation of bigger unitary gates into elementary quantum operations,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-14 A. M. Krol , A. Sarkar , I. Ashraf , Z. Al-Ars , K. Bertels