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The grading of gemstones is currently a manual procedure performed by gemologists. A popular approach uses reference stones, where those are visually inspected by specialists that decide which one of the available reference stone is the…
Spectroscopy of laser-produced plasmas offers an avenue for real-time, standoff and non-preparatory sensing of rare-earth elements (REEs) within a mineralogical context with applications spanning exploration geology to ore body mapping to…
For a medical diagnosis, health professionals use different kinds of pathological ways to make a decision for medical reports in terms of patients medical condition. In the modern era, because of the advantage of computers and technologies,…
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is widely recognized as the most reliable tool for detecting tumors due to its capability to produce detailed images that reveal their presence. However, the accuracy of diagnosis can be compromised when…
Determining the type of kidney stones allows urologists to prescribe a treatment to avoid recurrence of renal lithiasis. An automated in-vivo image-based classification method would be an important step towards an immediate identification…
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy is the second most used technique (after X-ray crystallography) for structural determination of proteins. A computational challenge in this technique involves solving a discrete optimization…
Introduction: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease that affects millions of people across the globe. MS can critically affect different organs of the central nervous system such as the eyes, the spinal cord, and the brain.…
Increased biosecurity and food safety requirements may increase demand for efficient traceability and identification systems of livestock in the supply chain. The advanced technologies of machine learning and computer vision have been…
The use of machine learning (ML) algorithms in molecular simulations has become commonplace in recent years. There now exists, for instance, a multitude of ML force field algorithms that have enabled simulations approaching ab initio level…
Extracting scientific results from high-energy collider data involves the comparison of data collected from the experiments with synthetic data produced from computationally-intensive simulations. Comparisons of experimental data and…
Machine learning has become an appealing signature-less approach to detect and classify malware because of its ability to generalize to never-before-seen samples and to handle large volumes of data. While traditional feature-based…
Interpreting spectroscopy data is a critical bottleneck in automating chemical research and industrial characterization. Particularly within infrared (IR) spectroscopy, identifying compounds in complex, liquid-phase chemical mixtures…
Based on the DUSTGRAIN-pathfinder suite of simulations, we investigate observational degeneracies between nine models of modified gravity and massive neutrinos. Three types of machine learning techniques are tested for their ability to…
Nuclear materials are often demanded to function for extended time in extreme environments, including high radiation fluxes and transmutation, high temperature and temperature gradients, stresses, and corrosive coolants. They also have a…
When confronted with a substance of unknown identity, researchers often perform mass spectrometry on the sample and compare the observed spectrum to a library of previously-collected spectra to identify the molecule. While popular, this…
In this survey paper, we systematically summarize existing literature on bearing fault diagnostics with machine learning (ML) and data mining techniques. While conventional ML methods, including artificial neural network (ANN), principal…
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a popular, fast elemental analysis technique used to determine the chemical composition of target samples, such as in industrial analysis of metals or in space exploration. Recently, there has…
Automatic marbles classification based on their visual appearance is an important industrial issue. However, there is no definitive solution to the problem mainly due to the presence of randomly distributed high number of different colours…
The reverse engineering of a complex mixture, regardless of its nature, has become significant today. Being able to quickly assess the potential toxicity of new commercial products in relation to the environment presents a genuine…
The early detection of cancer is a challenging problem in medicine. The blood sera of cancer patients are enriched with heterogeneous secretory lipid bound extracellular vesicles (EVs), which present a complex repertoire of information and…