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Connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) have recently gained prominence in traffic research due to advances in communication technology and autonomous driving. Various longitudinal control strategies for CAVs have been developed to enhance…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-25 Jingyuan Zhou , Longhao Yan , Kaidi Yang

Despite the tremendous success of Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms in simulation environments, applying RL to real-world applications still faces many challenges. A major concern is safety, in another word, constraint satisfaction.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Weiye Zhao , Tairan He , Rui Chen , Tianhao Wei , Changliu Liu

Testing is essential for verifying and validating control designs, especially in safety-critical applications. In particular, the control system governing an automated driving vehicle must be proven reliable enough for its acceptance on the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-11 Mengjia Zhu , Alberto Bemporad , Maximilian Kneissl , Hasan Esen

Testing autonomous vehicles (AVs) requires complex oracles to determine if the AVs behavior conforms with specifications and humans' expectations. Available open source oracles are tightly embedded in the AV simulation software and are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-06-19 Ana Nora Evans , Mary Lou Soffa , Sebastian Elbaum

Autonomous driving vehicles provide a vast potential for realizing use cases in the on-road and off-road domains. Consequently, remarkable solutions exist to autonomous systems' environmental perception and control. Nevertheless, proof of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Patrick Wolf

Reinforcement learning has been demonstrated to outperform even the best humans in complex domains like video games. However, running reinforcement learning experiments on the required scale for autonomous driving is extremely difficult.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Moritz Harmel , Anubhav Paras , Andreas Pasternak , Nicholas Roy , Gary Linscott

Testing of autonomous systems is extremely important as many of them are both safety-critical and security-critical. The architecture and mechanism of such systems are fundamentally different from traditional control software, which appears…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-15 Qunying Song , Emelie Engström , Per Runeson

Ensuring safety in autonomous driving (AD) remains a significant challenge, especially in highly dynamic and complex traffic environments where diverse agents interact and unexpected hazards frequently emerge. Traditional reinforcement…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Dong Hu , Fenqing Hu , Lidong Yang , Chao Huang

Autonomous systems are often deployed in complex sociotechnical environments, such as public roads, where they must behave safely and securely. Unlike many traditionally engineered systems, autonomous systems are expected to behave…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-04-27 Georgios Bakirtzis , Steven Carr , David Danks , Ufuk Topcu

Sampling-based motion planning is a well-established approach in autonomous driving, valued for its modularity and analytical tractability. In complex urban scenarios, however, uniform or heuristic sampling often produces many infeasible or…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Korbinian Moller , Roland Stroop , Mattia Piccinini , Alexander Langmann , Johannes Betz

We present a control approach for autonomous vehicles based on deep reinforcement learning. A neural network agent is trained to map its estimated state to acceleration and steering commands given the objective of reaching a specific target…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-03-16 Andreas Folkers , Matthias Rick , Christof Büskens

Several works have addressed the problem of incorporating constraints in the reinforcement learning (RL) framework, however majority of them can only guarantee the satisfaction of soft constraints. In this work, we address the problem of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-16 Kwangyeon Kim , Akshita Gupta , Hong-Cheol Choi , Inseok Hwang

This comprehensive literature review explores the potential of Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality technologies to enhance the design and testing of autonomous vehicles. By analyzing existing research, the review aims to identify how AR…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Emanuella Ejichukwu , Lauren Tong , Gadir Hazime , Bochen Jia

Reinforcement learning (RL) is widely used in autonomous driving tasks and training RL models typically involves in a multi-step process: pre-training RL models on simulators, uploading the pre-trained model to real-life robots, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-15 Xinle Liang , Yang Liu , Tianjian Chen , Ming Liu , Qiang Yang

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms find applications in inventory control, recommender systems, vehicular traffic management, cloud computing and robotics. The real-world complications of many tasks arising in these domains makes them…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Sindhu Padakandla

For safe operation, autonomous vehicles have to obey traffic rules that are set forth in legal documents formulated in natural language. Temporal logic is a suitable concept to formalize such traffic rules. Still, temporal logic rules often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-20 Hanna Krasowski , Matthias Althoff

This paper tackles the challenging task of maintaining formation among multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) while avoiding both static and dynamic obstacles during directed flight. The complexity of the task arises from its…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Yuqing Xie , Chao Yu , Hongzhi Zang , Feng Gao , Wenhao Tang , Jingyi Huang , Jiayu Chen , Botian Xu , Yi Wu , Yu Wang

Stress testing is an approach for evaluating the reliability of systems under extreme conditions which help reveal vulnerable scenarios that standard testing may overlook. Identifying such scenarios is of great importance in autonomous…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Linh Trinh , Quang-Hung Luu , Thai M. Nguyen , Hai L. Vu

With the rapid development of automated vehicles (AVs) in recent years, commercially available AVs are increasingly demonstrating high-level automation capabilities. However, most existing AV safety evaluation methods are primarily designed…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Hang Zhou , Chengyuan Ma , Shiyu Shen , Zhaohui Liang , Xiaopeng Li

Artificial intelligence (AI) technology has become increasingly prevalent and transforms our everyday life. One important application of AI technology is the development of autonomous vehicles (AV). However, the reliability of an AV needs…

Applications · Statistics 2023-12-04 Simin Zheng , Lu Lu , Yili Hong , Jian Liu