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In this paper, we develop a safe decision-making method for self-driving cars in a multi-lane, single-agent setting. The proposed approach utilizes deep reinforcement learning (RL) to achieve a high-level policy for safe tactical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-17 Arash Mohammadhasani , Hamed Mehrivash , Alan Lynch , Zhan Shu

Ensuring the safety of autonomous vehicles (AVs) requires identifying rare but critical failure cases that on-road testing alone cannot discover. High-fidelity simulations provide a scalable alternative, but automatically generating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Amar Kulkarni , Shangtong Zhang , Madhur Behl

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a transformative approach in the domains of automation and robotics, offering powerful solutions to complex problems that conventional methods struggle to address. In scenarios where the problem…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-04 Meraj Mammadov

In this work, we propose a self-improving artificial intelligence system to enhance the safety performance of reinforcement learning (RL)-based autonomous driving (AD) agents using black-box verification methods. RL algorithms have become…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Resul Dagdanov , Halil Durmus , Nazim Kemal Ure

It is expected that many human drivers will still prefer to drive themselves even if the self-driving technologies are ready. Therefore, human-driven vehicles and autonomous vehicles (AVs) will coexist in a mixed traffic for a long time. To…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-10-14 Dong Chen , Longsheng Jiang , Yue Wang , Zhaojian Li

Autonomous-driving research has recently embraced deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) as a promising framework for data-driven decision making, yet a clear picture of how these algorithms are currently employed, benchmarked and evaluated is…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Elahe Delavari , Feeza Khan Khanzada , Jaerock Kwon

For a successful market launch of automated vehicles (AVs), proof of their safety is essential. Due to the open parameter space, an infinite number of traffic situations can occur, which makes the proof of safety an unsolved problem. With…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-08-27 Thomas Ponn , Matthias Breitfuß , Xiao Yu , Frank Diermeyer

The long-tail distribution of real driving data poses challenges for training and testing autonomous vehicles (AV), where rare yet crucial safety-critical scenarios are infrequent. And virtual simulation offers a low-cost and efficient…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Ziyuan Yang , Zhaoyang Li , Jianming Hu , Yi Zhang

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a promising solution for autonomous vehicles to deal with complex and uncertain traffic environments. The RL training process is however expensive, unsafe, and time consuming. Algorithms are often developed…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Kevin Voogd , Jean Pierre Allamaa , Javier Alonso-Mora , Tong Duy Son

With the increasing prevalence of autonomous vehicles (AVs), their vulnerability to various types of attacks has grown, presenting significant security challenges. In this paper, we propose a reinforcement learning (RL)-based approach for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Pengyu Wang , Jialu Li , Ling Shi

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) have demonstrated significant potential in revolutionizing transportation, yet ensuring their safety and reliability remains a critical challenge, especially when exposed to dynamic and unpredictable environments.…

In recent years, control under urban intersection scenarios becomes an emerging research topic. In such scenarios, the autonomous vehicle confronts complicated situations since it must deal with the interaction with social vehicles timely…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-09-23 Yuqi Liu , Qichao Zhang , Dongbin Zhao

The safety of Automated Vehicles (AVs) must be assured before their release and deployment. The current approach to evaluation relies primarily on (i) testing AVs on public roads or (ii) track testing with scenarios defined in a test…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-02-21 Ding Zhao , Xianan Huang , Huei Peng , Henry Lam , David J. LeBlanc

Autonomous vehicles rely on machine learning to solve challenging tasks in perception and motion planning. However, automotive software safety standards have not fully evolved to address the challenges of machine learning safety such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-23 Sina Mohseni , Mandar Pitale , Vasu Singh , Zhangyang Wang

The development of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) has made significant progress in the last years. An important aspect in the development of AVs is the assessment of their safety. New approaches need to be worked out. Among these, real-world…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-12-03 Erwin de Gelder , Olaf Op den Camp

The technology in the area of automated vehicles is gaining speed and promises many advantages. However, with the recent introduction of conditionally automated driving, we have also seen accidents. Test protocols for both, conditionally…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-08-24 Alessia Knauss , Jan Schröder , Christian Berger , Henrik Eriksson

It is hard to test autonomous robot (AR) software because of the range and diversity of external situations (terrain, obstacles, humans, peer robots) that AR must deal with. Common measures of testing adequacy may not address this…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-11-18 Heather Hawkins , Rob Alexander

An open question in autonomous driving is how best to use simulation to validate the safety of autonomous vehicles. Existing techniques rely on simulated rollouts, which can be inefficient for finding rare failure events, while other…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-06-29 Anthony Corso , Ritchie Lee , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

The homologation of automated vehicles, being safety-critical complex systems, requires sound evidence for their safe operability. Traditionally, verification and validation activities are guided by a combination of ISO 26262 and ISO/PAS…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-05-12 Christian Neurohr , Lukas Westhofen , Tabea Henning , Thies de Graaff , Eike Möhlmann , Eckard Böde

While autonomous vehicle (AV) technology has shown substantial progress, we still lack tools for rigorous and scalable testing. Real-world testing, the $\textit{de-facto}$ evaluation method, is dangerous to the public. Moreover, due to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Justin Norden , Matthew O'Kelly , Aman Sinha