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Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) comprised of tunable unit cells have recently drawn significant attention due to their superior capability in manipulating electromagnetic waves. In particular, RIS-assisted wireless communications…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-16 Wankai Tang , Ming Zheng Chen , Xiangyu Chen , Jun Yan Dai , Yu Han , Marco Di Renzo , Yong Zeng , Shi Jin , Qiang Cheng , Tie Jun Cui

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) are planar structures connected to electronic circuitry, which can be employed to steer the electromagnetic signals in a controlled manner. Through this, the signal quality and the effective data…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Long Kong , Steven Kisseleff , Symeon Chatzinotas , Björn Ottersten , Melike Erol-Kantarci

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is envisioned as a promising technology for next-generation wireless communications. Its deployment introduces a RIS cascade link between the transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx), which makes its…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-28 Huiwen Gong , Jianhua Zhang , Yuxiang Zhang , Zhengfu Zhou , Guangyi Liu

Intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS) are valuable tools for enhancing the intelligence of the propagation environment. They have the ability to direct EM Waves to a specific user through beamforming. A significant number of passive…

Applied Physics · Physics 2024-05-13 Mohammadreza Jahangiri , Hossein Soleimani , Mohammad Soleimani

Active reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) emerges as an effective technique to resist the double-fading attenuation of passive RIS. By embedding with power harvesting function, it further evolves to zero-power active RIS, which can…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Xiao Zheng , Wenchi Cheng , Jingqing Wang , Zhuohui Yao , Jiangzhou Wang

This work aims to build connections between the electromagnetic and communication aspects of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) by proposing a methodology to combine outputs from electromagnetic RIS design into an RIS-tailored…

Applied Physics · Physics 2025-01-03 Sravan K. R. Vuyyuru , Le Hao , Markus Rupp , Sergei A. Tretyakov , Risto Valkonen

A reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is a planar structure that is engineered to dynamically control the electromagnetic waves. In wireless communications, RISs have recently emerged as a promising technology for realizing…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-13 Marco Di Renzo , Fadil H. Danufane , Sergei Tretyakov

A reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) employs an array of individually-controllable elements to scatter incident signals in a desirable way; for example, to facilitate links between base stations and mobile stations that would…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-24 Steven W. Ellingson

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) technologies have been considered as a promising enabler for 6G, enabling advantageous control of electromagnetic (EM) propagation. RIS can be categorized into multiple types based on their…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-13 Yuxiang Zhang , Jianhua Zhang , Zhengfu Zhou , Huiwen Gong , Hongbo Xing , Zhiqiang Yuan , Lei Tian , Li Yu , Guangyi Liu , Tao Jiang

In contrast to conventional RIS, the scattering matrix of a non-reciprocal RIS (NR-RIS) is non-symmetric, leading to differences in the uplink and the downlink components of NR-RIS cascaded channels. In this paper, a physically-consistent…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-26 Jiaqi Xu , Haoyu Wang , Rang Liu , Josef A. Nossek , A. Lee Swindlehurst

In this paper, we investigate the design of secure transmission frameworks with an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS). Our design aims to minimize the system energy consumption in cases of rank-one and full-rank access point (AP)-IRS…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Biqian Feng , Yongpeng Wu , Mengfan Zheng

Originally introduced in the early 2010's, the idea of smart environments through reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) controlling the reflections of the electromagnetic waves has attracted much attention in recent years in preparation…

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has recently gained significant interest as an emerging technology for future wireless networks thanks to its potential for improving the coverage probability in challenging propagation environments.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Trinh Van Chien , Lam Thanh Tu , Waqas Khalid , Heejung Yu , Symeon Chatzinotas , Marco Di Renzo

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) are envisioned as a promising technology for future wireless communications. With various hardware realizations, RISs can work under different modes (reflective/transmissive/hybrid) or have…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-08-08 Hongyu Li , Shanpu Shen , Bruno Clerckx

A reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) can shape the wireless propagation channel by inducing controlled phase shift variations to the impinging signals. Multiple works have considered the use of RIS by time-varying configurations of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-07 João Henrique Inacio de Souza , Victor Croisfelt , Fabio Saggese , Taufik Abrão , Petar Popovski

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is a recent low-cost and energy-efficient technology with potential applicability for future wireless communications. Performance gains achieved by employing RIS directly depend on accurate channel…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-24 Paulo R. B. Gomes , Amarilton L. Magalhães , André L. F. de Almeida

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) have emerged as a transformative technology for electromagnetic (EM) wave manipulation, offering unprecedented control over wave reflections compared to traditional metallic reflectors. By utilizing…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-11 Hossein Rezaei , Mehmet Emin Arslan , George Yammine , Niels Neumann , Norman Franchi

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) or metasurface is one of the important enabling technologies in mobile cellular networks that can effectively enhance the signal coverage performance in obstructed regions, and it is generally…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-06 Tianqi Xiang , Zhiwei Jiang , Weijun Hong , Xin Zhang , Yuehong Gao

The adoption of a Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) for downlink multi-user communication from a multi-antenna base station is investigated in this paper. We develop energy-efficient designs for both the transmit power allocation and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Chongwen Huang , Alessio Zappone , George C. Alexandropoulos , Mérouane Debbah , Chau Yuen

The prospects of using a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) to aid wireless communication systems have recently received much attention. Among the different use cases, the most popular one is where each element of the RIS scatters the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-09 Andrea De Jesus Torres , Luca Sanguinetti , Emil Björnson