Related papers: The Willmore Flow of Tori of Revolution

In 1965 Willmore conjectured that the integral of the square of the mean curvature of a torus immersed in $R^3$ is at least $2\pi^2$ and attains this minimal value if and only if the torus is a M\"obius transform of the Clifford torus. This…

In this article, the author investigates flow lines of the classical Willmore flow, which start to move in a smooth parametrization of a Hopf-torus in $\mathbb{S}^3$. We prove that any such flow line of the Willmore flow exists globally, in…

This work studies Willmore flows of tori and their singularities via a dimension reduction approach. We introduce a Willmore flow that preserves the degenerate constraint of prescribed conformal class and, for rotationally symmetric initial…

For every two-dimensional torus $T^2$ and every $k\in \mathbb{N}$, $k\ge 3$, we construct a conformal Willmore immersion $f:T^2\to \mathbb{R}^4$ with exactly one point of density $k$ and Willmore energy $4\pi k$. Moreover, we show that the…

We introduce a non-local $L^2$-gradient flow for the Willmore energy of immersed surfaces which preserves the isoperimetric ratio. For spherical initial data with energy below an explicit threshold, we show long-time existence and…

We establish a minimal positive existence time of the parametric Willmore flow for any smooth initial data (smooth immersion of a closed oriented surface). The minimal existence time is a function exclusively of geometric data which in…

To avoid possible singularities in the Willmore flow, one usually works under an energy threshold provided by the Li-Yau inequality. Here we improve this threshold by also considering parts outside of a possible singularity together with…

It is well-known that the Willmore flow of closed spherical immersions exists globally in time and converges if the initial datum has Willmore energy below $8\pi$ - exactly the Li-Yau energy threshold below which all closed immersions are…

This paper is dedicated to the exploration of the conformal Willmore functional for surfaces within 4-dimensional conformal manifolds. We provide a detailed calculation of both the first and second variations, and present the Euler-Lagrange…

The well-posedness of a phase-field approximation to the Willmore flow with volume constraint is established. The existence proof relies on the underlying gradient flow structure of the problem: the time discrete approximation is solved by…

The Marques-Neves theorem asserts that among all the torodial (i.e. genus 1) closed surfaces, the Clifford torus has the minimal Willmore energy $\int H^2 \, dA$. % It is a natural conjecture that if one prescribes the isoperimetric Since…

For an integral $2$-varifold $V\subset \mathbb{S}^3$ with square-integrable mean curvature, unit density, and support of genus at least $1$, assume that its Willmore energy satisfies \[ \mathcal{W}(V)\le 2\pi^2+\delta^2,\qquad…

Very little is yet known regarding the Willmore flow of surfaces with Dirichlet boundary conditions. We consider surfaces with a rotational symmetry as initial data and prove a global existence and convergence result for solutions of the…

The Willmore energy of a closed surface in R^n is the integral of its squared mean curvature, and is invariant uner M\"obius transformations of R^n. We show that any torus in R^3 with energy at most $8 \pi-delta$ has a representative under…

This work investigates the formation of singularities under the steepest descent $L^2$-gradient flow of the functional $\mathcal W_{\lambda_1, \lambda_2}$, the sum of the Willmore energy, $\lambda_1$ times the area, and $\lambda_2$ times…

We consider the Willmore flow equation for complete, properly immersed surfaces in Rn. Given bounded geometry on the initial surface, we extend the result by Kuwert and Sch\"atzle in 2002 and prove short time existence and uniqueness of the…

The free elastic flow is the $L^2$-gradient flow for Euler's elastic energy, or equivalently the Willmore flow with translation invariant initial data. In contrast to elastic flows under length penalisation or preservation, it is more…

We consider the problem of minimizing the Willmore energy in the class of conformal immersions of a given closed, genus p Riemann surface into R^n for n=3,4. We prove existence of a smooth minimizer, provided that the infimum is below a…

We consider a closed surface in $\mathbb{R}^3$ evolving by the volume-preserving Willmore flow and prove a lower bound for the existence time of smooth solutions. For spherical initial surfaces with Willmore energy below $8\pi$ we show long…

The paper is devoted to study the Dirichelet energy of moving frames on 2-dimensional tori immersed in the euclidean $3\leq m$-dimensional space. This functional, called Frame energy, is naturally linked to the Willmore energy of the…