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We consider the problem of online allocation subject to a long-term fairness penalty. Contrary to existing works, however, we do not assume that the decision-maker observes the protected attributes -- which is often unrealistic in practice.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Mathieu Molina , Nicolas Gast , Patrick Loiseau , Vianney Perchet

We study nonparametric contextual bandits under batch constraints, where the expected reward for each action is modeled as a smooth function of covariates, and the policy updates are made at the end of each batch of observations. We…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-06 Rong Jiang , Cong Ma

Most modern systems strive to learn from interactions with users, and many engage in exploration: making potentially suboptimal choices for the sake of acquiring new information. We initiate a study of the interplay between exploration and…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-11-21 Yishay Mansour , Aleksandrs Slivkins , Zhiwei Steven Wu

Recent work has considered natural variations of the multi-armed bandit problem, where the reward distribution of each arm is a special function of the time passed since its last pulling. In this direction, a simple (yet widely applicable)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Alexia Atsidakou , Orestis Papadigenopoulos , Soumya Basu , Constantine Caramanis , Sanjay Shakkottai

We propose a multi-agent distributed reinforcement learning algorithm that balances between potentially conflicting short-term reward and sparse, delayed long-term reward, and learns with partial information in a dynamic environment. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-06 Jing Tan , Ramin Khalili , Holger Karl

We study a novel variant of the multi-armed bandit problem, where at each time step, the player observes an independently sampled context that determines the arms' mean rewards. However, playing an arm blocks it (across all contexts) for a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-18 Soumya Basu , Orestis Papadigenopoulos , Constantine Caramanis , Sanjay Shakkottai

The multi-armed bandit problem is a core framework for sequential decision-making under uncertainty, but classical algorithms often fail in environments with hidden, time-varying states that confound reward estimation and optimal action…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Jikai Jin , Kenneth Hung , Sanath Kumar Krishnamurthy , Baoyi Shi , Congshan Zhang

Stochastic linear bandits are a natural and well-studied model for structured exploration/exploitation problems and are widely used in applications such as online marketing and recommendation. One of the main challenges faced by…

Motivated by applications such as cloud platforms allocating GPUs to users or governments deploying mobile health units across competing regions, we study the dynamic allocation of a reusable resource to strategic agents with private…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Yan Dai , Negin Golrezaei , Patrick Jaillet

Our study contributes to the debate on the evolution of cooperation in the single-shot Prisoner's Dilemma (PD) played on networks. We construct a model in which individuals are connected with positive and negative ties. Some agents play…

Physics and Society · Physics 2014-01-21 Simone Righi , Károly Takács

The multi-armed bandit(MAB) is a classical sequential decision problem. Most work requires assumptions about the reward distribution (e.g., bounded), while practitioners may have difficulty obtaining information about these distributions to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Han Qi , Fei Guo , Li Zhu

We consider decentralized restless multi-armed bandit problems with unknown dynamics and multiple players. The reward state of each arm transits according to an unknown Markovian rule when it is played and evolves according to an arbitrary…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2011-02-16 Haoyang Liu , Keqin Liu , Qing Zhao

In retail, there are predictable yet dramatic time-dependent patterns in customer behavior, such as periodic changes in the number of visitors, or increases in customers just before major holidays. The current paradigm of multi-armed bandit…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-02-16 Stefano Tracà , Cynthia Rudin , Weiyu Yan

Latency is inherent in almost all real-world networked applications. In this paper, we propose a distributed allocation strategy over multi-agent networks with delayed communications. The state of each agent (or node) represents its share…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-31 Mohammadreza Doostmohammadian , Wei Jiang , Themistoklis Charalambous

Exploration in reinforcement learning (RL) remains an open challenge. RL algorithms rely on observing rewards to train the agent, and if informative rewards are sparse the agent learns slowly or may not learn at all. To improve exploration…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Simone Parisi , Alireza Kazemipour , Michael Bowling

To survive in dynamic and uncertain environments, individuals must develop effective decision strategies that balance information gathering and decision commitment. Models of such strategies often prioritize either optimizing tangible…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Nicholas W. Barendregt , Joshua I. Gold , Krešimir Josić , Zachary P. Kilpatrick

LLMs are increasingly used to design reward functions based on human preferences in Reinforcement Learning (RL). We focus on LLM-designed rewards for Restless Multi-Armed Bandits, a framework for allocating limited resources among agents.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Shresth Verma , Niclas Boehmer , Lingkai Kong , Milind Tambe

Given the parallels between game theory and consensus, it makes sense to intelligently design blockchain or DAG protocols with an incentive-compatible-first mentality. To that end, we propose a new blockchain or DAG protocol enhancement…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2018-04-19 Drew Stone

We consider a decision maker allocating one unit of renewable and divisible resource in each period on a number of arms. The arms have unknown and random rewards whose means are proportional to the allocated resource and whose variances are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Ningyuan Chen , Wenhao Li

Algorithmic predictions are increasingly informing societal resource allocations by identifying individuals for targeting. Policymakers often build these systems with the assumption that by gathering more observations on individuals, they…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Ali Shirali , Ariel Procaccia , Rediet Abebe