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We extend the argument presented by Benincasa, Boucher-Veronneau, and Cachazo to show that graviton tree amplitudes are well behaved under large complex deformations of the momenta of a pair of like-helicity gravitons. This shows that BCFW…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Anthony Hall

Weighted recursive trees are built by adding successively vertices with predetermined weights to a tree: each new vertex is attached to a parent chosen at random with probability proportional to its weight. In the case where the total…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-07-12 Michel Pain , Delphin Sénizergues

Tree-level scattering amplitudes for a scalar particle coupled to an arbitrary number N of photons and a single graviton are computed. We employ the worldline formalism as the main tool to compute the irreducible part of the amplitude,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-08-04 Naser Ahmadiniaz , Filippo Maria Balli , Olindo Corradini , José Manuel Dávila , Christian Schubert

In this thesis the properties of two kinds of non-uniform random recursive trees are studied. In the first model weights are assigned to each node, thus altering the attachment probabilities. We will call these trees weighted recursive…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-10-05 Ella Hiesmayr

The Abelian Higgs model forms an essential part of the electroweak standard model: it is the sector containing only Z and Higgs bosons. We present a diagram-based proof of the tree-level unitarity of this model inside the unitary gauge,…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2018-01-17 Ronald Kleiss , Oscar Boher Luna

This paper investigates how tree-level amplitudes with massless quarks, gluons and/or massless scalars transforming under a single copy of the gauge group can be expressed in the context of the scattering equations as a sum over the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-03-04 Stefan Weinzierl

A uniform recursive tree on $n$ vertices is a random tree where each possible $(n-1)!$ labeled recursive rooted tree is selected with equal probability. In this paper we introduce and study weighted trees, a non-uniform recursive tree model…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-12-12 Ella Hiesmayr , Ümit Işlak

We prove the formula for the complete tree-level $S$-matrix of $\mathcal{N}=8$ supergravity recently conjectured by two of the authors. The proof proceeds by showing that the new formula satisfies the same BCFW recursion relations that…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-05-02 Freddy Cachazo , Lionel Mason , David Skinner

This article studies methods to obtain relations for scattering amplitudes at the loop level, with concrete examples at one loop. These methods originate in the analysis of large so-called Britto-Cachazo-Feng-Witten shifts of tree level…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-05-30 Rutger H. Boels , Reinke Sven Isermann

We show that a natural spinor-helicity formalism that can describe massive scattering amplitudes exists in $D=6$ dimensions. This is arranged by having helicity spinors carry an index in the Dirac spinor {\bf 4} of the massive little group,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-05-01 Rishabh Jha , Chethan Krishnan , K. V. Pavan Kumar

This thesis develops a unified framework that reconstructs the full classical content of General Relativity from the classical limit of quantum scattering amplitudes. By interpreting the analytic structure of amplitudes as the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-01-22 Claudio Gambino

Loop-level scattering amplitudes for massless particles have singularities in regions where tree amplitudes are perfectly smooth. For example, a $2\to4$ gluon scattering process has a singularity in which each incoming gluon splits into a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-08-24 Lance J. Dixon , Ilya Esterlis

We prove complex contraction for zero-free regions of counting weighted set cover problem in which an element can appear in an unbounded number of sets, thus obtaining fully polynomial-time approximation schemes(FPTAS) via Barvinok's…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-01-03 Liang Li , Guangzeng Xie

We introduce a set of consistency conditions on the S-matrix of theories of massless particles of arbitrary spin in four-dimensional Minkowski space-time. We find that in most cases the constraints, derived from the conditions, can only be…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-01-17 Paolo Benincasa , Freddy Cachazo

We propose a recursion relation for tree-level scattering amplitudes in three-dimensional Chern-Simons-matter theories. The recursion relation involves a complex deformation of momenta which generalizes the BCFW-deformation used in higher…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-03-17 Dongmin Gang , Yu-tin Huang , Eunkyung Koh , Sangmin Lee , Arthur E. Lipstein

Witten's twistor string theory has led to new representations of S-matrix in massless QFT as a single object, including Cachazo-He-Yuan formulas in general and connected formulas in four dimensions. As a first step towards more realistic…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-04-05 Song He , Yong Zhang

We characterize the restrictions of B\'ekoll\'e--Bonami weights of bounded hyperbolic oscillation, to subsets of the unit disc, thus proving an analogue of Wolff's restriction theorem for Muckenhoupt weights. Sundberg proved a discrete…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2025-11-24 Alberto Dayan , Adrián Llinares , Karl-Mikael Perfekt

The global Schwinger formula, introduced by Cachazo and Early as a single integral over the positive tropical Grassmannian, provides a way to uncover properties of scattering amplitudes which are hard to see in their standard Feynman…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-03-27 Bruno Giménez Umbert , Karen Yeats

Following the spirit of S-matrix program, we proposed a modified Britto-Cachazo-Feng-Witten recursion relation for tree amplitudes of noncommutative U(N) Yang-Mills theory. Starting from three-point amplitudes, one can use this modified…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-05-20 Jia-Hui Huang , Rijun Huang , Yin Jia

Using newly proposed BCF/BCFW recursion relations, compact formulas are obtained for tree-level n-gluon amplitudes of helicity structure --++...+. We then make an extension of these recursion relations to include fermions of multi-flavors,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Mingxing Luo , Congkao Wen