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We develop a theory of complexity for numerical computations that takes into account the condition of the input data and allows for roundoff in the computations. We follow the lines of the theory developed by Blum, Shub, and Smale for…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-06-09 Felipe Cucker

The purpose of this paper is to introduce basic concepts that are fundamental in the examination of composite moduli, while avoiding the notoriously difficult problem of prime-factorization. We introduce a new class of numbers, called…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2016-10-31 József Vass

This is a set of lecture notes suitable for a Master's course on quantum computation and information from the perspective of theoretical computer science. The first version was written in 2011, with many extensions and improvements in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-18 Ronald de Wolf

We discuss the use of projects in first-year graduate complexity theory courses.

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Lane A. Hemaspaandra

New sets (typically found by computer search) with Sidon constant equal to the square root of their cardinalities are given. For each integer $N$ there are only a finite number of groups of prime order containing $N$-element extreme sets.…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2019-10-03 Colin C. Graham

This survey is meant to provide an introduction to the fundamental theorem of linear algebra and the theories behind them. Our goal is to give a rigorous introduction to the readers with prior exposure to linear algebra. Specifically, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-29 Jun Lu

A research problem for undergraduates and graduates is being posed as a cap for the prior antecedent regular discrete mathematics exercises. [Here cap is not necessarily CAP=Competitive Access Provider, though nevertheless ...] The object…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-11-23 A. Krzysztof Kwaśniewski , Ewa Krot-Sieniawska

Inspired by a question of Sarnak, we introduce the notion of a prime component in an Apollonian circle packing: a maximal tangency-connected subset having all prime curvatures. We also consider thickened prime components, which are…

This is an expository article to accompany my two lectures at the CDM conference. I have used this an excuse to make public two sets of notes I had lying around, and also to put together a short reader's guide to some recent joint work with…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-10-04 Ben Green

We use automated theorem provers to significantly shorten a formal development in higher order set theory. The development includes many standard theorems such as the fundamental theorem of arithmetic and irrationality of square root of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Chad E. Brown , Cezary Kaliszyk , Martin Suda , Josef Urban

Complex networks are everywhere. They appear for example in the form of biological networks, social networks, or computer networks and have been studied extensively. Efficient algorithms to solve problems on complex networks play a central…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2020-06-26 Jan Dreier , Philipp Kuinke , Peter Rossmanith

In this paper we present some observations about the well-known Goldbach conjecture. In particular we list and interpret some numerical results which allow us to formulate a relation between prime numbers and even integers. We can also…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2013-10-01 Fausto Martelli

`What more than its truth do we know if we have a proof of a theorem in a given formal system?' We examine Kreisel's question in the particular context of program termination proofs, with an eye to deriving complexity bounds on program…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-09-26 Sylvain Schmitz

This paper presents the Quanta Prime Sequence (QPS) and its foundational theorem, showcasing a unique class of polynomials with substantial implications. The study uncovers profound connections between Quanta Prime numbers and essential…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2025-02-12 Moustafa Ibrahim

Understanding a complex system of relationships between courses is of great importance for the university's educational mission. This paper is dedicated to the study of course-prerequisite networks (CPNs), where nodes represent courses and…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-05-02 Pavlos Stavrinides , Konstantin Zuev

In this paper it was shown that all prime numbers lie on 96 half-lines. At the same time, it was shown that if a given number does not lie on any of the above half-lines, then it is a composite number. A corresponding linear mathematical…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2024-10-11 Marek Berezowski

We prove a generalization of the author's work to show that any subset of the primes which is `well-distributed' in arithmetic progressions contains many primes which are close together. Moreover, our bounds hold with some uniformity in the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2014-12-17 James Maynard

Complex numbers play a crucial role in quantum mechanics. However, their necessity remains debated: whether they are fundamental or merely convenient. Recently, it was claimed that quantum mechanics based on real numbers can be…

Classification theory of elementary classes deals with first order (elementary) classes of structures (i.e. fixing a set T of first order sentences, we investigate the class of models of T with the elementary submodel notion). It tries to…

Logic · Mathematics 2009-03-23 Saharon Shelah

Twin prime number problem is mainly the structure of the twin prime numbers and whether there are infinitely many prime twins group. In this paper, by constructing a special cluster number set(see formula(2.3)in the paper), proves that the…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2014-05-14 Zhang Baoshan