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The simulation of quantum lattice gauge theories faces the major challenge of maintaining gauge invariance, as various errors in the simulation push the state of the system out of the physical subspace of the system's exponentially larger…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2025-01-23 Carter Ball

Simulations of lattice gauge theories on noisy quantum hardware inherently suffer from violations of the gauge symmetry due to coherent and incoherent errors of the underlying physical system that implements the simulation. These gauge…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-03 Tobias Schmale , Hendrik Weimer

Quantum noise limits the use of quantum memory in high energy physics simulations. In particular, it breaks the gauge symmetry of stored quantum states. We examine this effect for abelian and nonabelian theories and demonstrate that…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2023-01-25 Erik J. Gustafson , Henry Lamm

This work investigates the application of quantum simulation in the ongoing "second" quantum revolution, which employs various synthetic quantum matter platforms, such as ultracold atoms in optical lattices, Rydberg atoms, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-25 Bhavik Kumar

In the quantum simulation of lattice gauge theories, gauge symmetry can be either fixed or encoded as a redundancy of the Hilbert space. While gauge-fixing reduces the number of qubits, keeping the gauge redundancy can provide code space to…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2024-02-27 Marcela Carena , Henry Lamm , Ying-Ying Li , Wanqiang Liu

In the current drive to quantum-simulate evermore complex gauge-theory phenomena, it is necessary to devise schemes allowing for the control and suppression of unavoidable gauge-breaking errors on different experimental platforms. Although…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-14 Bhavik Kumar , Philipp Hauke , Jad C. Halimeh

With recent progress in quantum simulations of lattice-gauge theories, it is becoming a pressing question how to reliably protect the gauge symmetry that defines such models. In a recent work [J. C. Halimeh \textit{et al.},…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-18 Maarten Van Damme , Julius Mildenberger , Fabian Grusdt , Philipp Hauke , Jad C. Halimeh

Developing methods to accurately characterize and mitigate the impact of noise is crucial for enhancing the fidelity of quantum simulations on Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices. In this work, we present a circuit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-11 Ruizhe Shen , Tianqi Chen , Ching Hua Lee

Quantum simulation of non-Abelian gauge theories requires careful handling of gauge redundancy. We address this challenge by presenting universal principles for treating gauge symmetry that apply to any quantum simulation approach,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-06 Masanori Hanada , Shunji Matsuura , Andreas Schafer , Jinzhao Sun

Non-Abelian gauge theories underlie our understanding of fundamental forces of modern physics. Simulating them on quantum hardware is an outstanding challenge in the rapidly evolving field of quantum simulation. A key prerequisite is the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-23 Edoardo Ballini , Julius Mildenberger , Matteo M. Wauters , Philipp Hauke

Noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers could solve quantum-mechanical simulation problems that are beyond the capabilities of classical computers. However, NISQ devices experience significant errors which, if not corrected, can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-04 Ashley Montanaro , Stasja Stanisic

Some of the most problematic issues that limit the implementation of applications on Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) machines are the adverse impacts of both incoherent and coherent errors. We conducted an in-depth study of coherent…

Quantum error mitigation (QEM) is vital for noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. While most conventional QEM schemes assume discrete gate-based circuits with noise appearing either before or after each gate, the assumptions are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-12 Jinzhao Sun , Xiao Yuan , Takahiro Tsunoda , Vlatko Vedral , Simon C. Bejamin , Suguru Endo

Quantum computing hardware is affected by quantum noise that undermine the quality of results of an executed quantum program. Amongst other quantum noises, coherent error that caused by parameter drifting and miscalibration, remains…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Xiangyu Ren , Junjie Wan , Zhiding Liang , Antonio Barbalace

The conventional circuit paradigm, utilizing a limited number of gates to construct arbitrary quantum circuits, is hindered by significant noise overhead. For instance, the standard gate paradigm employs two CNOT gates for the partial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-04 Jader P. Santos , Ben Bar , Raam Uzdin

Quantum simulation is at the heart of the ongoing "second" quantum revolution, with various synthetic quantum matter platforms realizing evermore exotic condensed matter and particle physics phenomena at high levels of precision and…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2022-05-02 Jad C. Halimeh , Philipp Hauke

We propose using variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) to simulate established quantum algorithms under realistic noise conditions, aiming to surpass the fidelity of theoretical circuits in noisy environments. Focusing on the Quantum…

One of the key challenges in current Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) computers is to control a quantum system with high-fidelity quantum gates. There are many reasons a quantum gate can go wrong -- for superconducting transmon…

Characterizing and mitigating errors in current noisy intermediate-scale devices is important to improve performance of next generations of quantum hardware. In order to investigate the importance of the different noise mechanisms affecting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-14 Gabriele Cenedese , Giuliano Benenti , Maria Bondani

Quantum simulation of lattice gauge theories is a promising tool for the study of many complicated problems including ones with real-time dynamics. For gauge theories, however, there is a major challenge in maintaining gauge invariance…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2024-07-29 Carter Ball , Thomas D. Cohen
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