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Related papers: Modeling Penetration Testing with Reinforcement Le…

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Penetration testing is essential for identifying vulnerabilities in web applications before real adversaries can exploit them. Recent work has explored automating this process with Large Language Model (LLM)-powered agents, but existing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Huihui Huang , Jieke Shi , Junkai Chen , Ting Zhang , Yikun Li , Chengran Yang , Eng Lieh Ouh , Lwin Khin Shar , David Lo

Federated learning (FL) allows a set of agents to collaboratively train a model without sharing their potentially sensitive data. This makes FL suitable for privacy-preserving applications. At the same time, FL is susceptible to adversarial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-02 Mustafa Safa Ozdayi , Murat Kantarcioglu , Yulia R. Gel

Reinforcement learning algorithms describe how an agent can learn an optimal action policy in a sequential decision process, through repeated experience. In a given environment, the agent policy provides him some running and terminal…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2020-03-24 Arthur Charpentier , Romuald Elie , Carl Remlinger

While reinforcement learning has achieved considerable successes in recent years, state-of-the-art models are often still limited by the size of state and action spaces. Model-free reinforcement learning approaches use some form of state…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-23 Paul J. Pritz , Liang Ma , Kin K. Leung

Recent developments in sequential experimental design look to construct a policy that can efficiently navigate the design space, in a way that maximises the expected information gain. Whilst there is work on achieving tractable policies for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Yasir Zubayr Barlas , Kizito Salako

Model-based reinforcement learning is an appealing framework for creating agents that learn, plan, and act in sequential environments. Model-based algorithms typically involve learning a transition model that takes a state and an action and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-03 Kavosh Asadi , Dipendra Misra , Seungchan Kim , Michel L. Littman

Reinforcement learning is now widely adopted as the final stage of large language model training, especially for reasoning-style tasks such as maths problems. Typically, models attempt each question many times during a single training step…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Thomas Foster , Anya Sims , Johannes Forkel , Mattie Fellows , Jakob Foerster

As robots and other intelligent agents move from simple environments and problems to more complex, unstructured settings, manually programming their behavior has become increasingly challenging and expensive. Often, it is easier for a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-11-19 Takayuki Osa , Joni Pajarinen , Gerhard Neumann , J. Andrew Bagnell , Pieter Abbeel , Jan Peters

Integrating learning-based techniques, especially reinforcement learning, into robotics is promising for solving complex problems in unstructured environments. However, most existing approaches are trained in well-tuned simulators and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Puze Liu , Haitham Bou-Ammar , Jan Peters , Davide Tateo

Characteristics and way of behavior of attacks and infiltrators on computer networks are usually very difficult and need an expert In addition; the advancement of computer networks, the number of attacks and infiltrations are also…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-20 Amir Javadpour , Sanaz Kazemi Abharian , Guojun Wang

Backdoor attacks on deep neural networks have emerged as significant security threats, especially as DNNs are increasingly deployed in security-critical applications. However, most existing works assume that the attacker has access to the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Jiahao Wang , Xianglong Zhang , Xiuzhen Cheng , Pengfei Hu , Guoming Zhang

Backdoor attacks pose a critical threat by embedding hidden triggers into inputs, causing models to misclassify them into target labels. While extensive research has focused on mitigating these attacks in object recognition models through…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Kyle Stein , Andrew Arash Mahyari , Guillermo Francia , Eman El-Sheikh

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms have demonstrated promising results on complex tasks, yet often require impractical numbers of samples since they learn from scratch. Meta-RL aims to address this challenge by leveraging experience…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-28 Russell Mendonca , Abhishek Gupta , Rosen Kralev , Pieter Abbeel , Sergey Levine , Chelsea Finn

Reinforcement learning (RL) can be a powerful alternative to classical control methods when standard model-based control is insufficient, e.g., when deriving a suitable model is intractable or impossible. In many cases, however, the choice…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-14 Victor Schulte , Michael Eichelbeck , Matthias Althoff

We formulate and analyze a simplest Markov decision process model for intrusion tolerance problems, assuming that (i) each attack proceeds through one or more steps before the system's security fails, (ii) defensive responses that target…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-10 Patrick Kreidl

We analyze two open source deep reinforcement learning agents submitted to the CAGE Challenge 2 cyber defense challenge, where each competitor submitted an agent to defend a simulated network against each of several provided rules-based…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Jared Claypoole , Steven Cheung , Ashish Gehani , Vinod Yegneswaran , Ahmad Ridley

A crucial challenge in reinforcement learning is to reduce the number of interactions with the environment that an agent requires to master a given task. Transfer learning proposes to address this issue by re-using knowledge from previously…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-28 Remo Sasso , Matthia Sabatelli , Marco A. Wiering

Reinforcement learning is a learning paradigm for solving sequential decision-making problems. Recent years have witnessed remarkable progress in reinforcement learning upon the fast development of deep neural networks. Along with the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Zhuangdi Zhu , Kaixiang Lin , Anil K. Jain , Jiayu Zhou

Humans can leverage hierarchical structures to split a task into sub-tasks and solve problems efficiently. Both imitation and reinforcement learning or a combination of them with hierarchical structures have been proven to be an efficient…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Yaru Niu , Yijun Gu

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm in Artificial Intelligence (AI), enabling agents to learn optimal behaviors through interactions with their environments. Drawing from the foundations of trial and error, RL…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Majid Ghasemi , Amir Hossein Moosavi , Dariush Ebrahimi