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While generative models have become increasingly prevalent across various domains, fundamental concerns regarding their reliability persist. A crucial yet understudied aspect of these models is the uncertainty quantification surrounding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Giorgio Morales , Frederic Jurie , Jalal Fadili

Constructing valid and informative conformal prediction regions for multi-dimensional outputs remains a fundamental challenge. While conformal prediction provides finite-sample, distribution-free coverage guarantees, its practical…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-11 Zhenhan Fang , Aixin Tan , Jian Huang

Uncertainty estimation is an essential step in the evaluation of the robustness for deep learning models in computer vision, especially when applied in risk-sensitive areas. However, most state-of-the-art deep learning models either fail to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-12 Lu Mi , Hao Wang , Yonglong Tian , Hao He , Nir Shavit

We study three notions of uncertainty quantification -- calibration, confidence intervals and prediction sets -- for binary classification in the distribution-free setting, that is without making any distributional assumptions on the data.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-02-17 Chirag Gupta , Aleksandr Podkopaev , Aaditya Ramdas

We consider the problem of uncertainty quantification in high dimensional regression and classification for which deep ensemble have proven to be promising methods. Recent observations have shown that deep ensemble often return…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Antoine de Mathelin , Francois Deheeger , Mathilde Mougeot , Nicolas Vayatis

Most machine learning models operate under the assumption that the training, testing and deployment data is independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.). This assumption doesn't generally hold true in a natural setting. Usually, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Kumud Lakara , Akshat Bhandari , Pratinav Seth , Ujjwal Verma

Machine learning models for graphs in real-world applications are prone to two primary types of uncertainty: (1) those that arise from incomplete and noisy data and (2) those that arise from uncertainty of the model in its output. These…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Zohair Shafi , Germans Savcisens , Tina Eliassi-Rad

Data-driven methods based on machine learning have the potential to accelerate computational analysis of atomic structures. In this context, reliable uncertainty estimates are important for assessing confidence in predictions and enabling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-04 Jonas Busk , Peter Bjørn Jørgensen , Arghya Bhowmik , Mikkel N. Schmidt , Ole Winther , Tejs Vegge

To facilitate effective decision-making, precipitation datasets should include uncertainty estimates. Quantile regression with machine learning has been proposed for issuing such estimates. Distributional regression offers distinct…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Georgia Papacharalampous , Hristos Tyralis , Nikolaos Doulamis , Anastasios Doulamis

In machine learning, uncertainty quantification helps assess the reliability of model predictions, which is important in high-stakes scenarios. Traditional approaches often emphasize predictive accuracy, but there is a growing focus on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-30 Jake S. Rhodes , Scott D. Brown , J. Riley Wilkinson

Uncertainty quantification is a central challenge in reliable and trustworthy machine learning. Naive measures such as last-layer scores are well-known to yield overconfident estimates in the context of overparametrized neural networks.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Lucas Clarté , Bruno Loureiro , Florent Krzakala , Lenka Zdeborová

Understanding the confidence with which a machine learning model classifies an input datum is an important, and perhaps under-investigated, concept. In this paper, we propose a new calibration metric, the Entropic Calibration Difference…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Daniel James Sumler , Lee Devlin , Simon Maskell , Richard O. Lane

Machine learning methods are increasingly widely used in high-risk settings such as healthcare, transportation, and finance. In these settings, it is important that a model produces calibrated uncertainty to reflect its own confidence and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-09-09 Sophia Sun

Conformal prediction provides a distribution-free framework for uncertainty quantification via prediction sets with exact finite-sample coverage. In low dimensions these sets are easy to interpret, but in high-dimensional or structured…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-08 Trevor Harris

Recent work has shown that the performance of machine learning models can vary substantially when models are evaluated on data drawn from a distribution that is close to but different from the training distribution. As a result, predicting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-23 Devin Guillory , Vaishaal Shankar , Sayna Ebrahimi , Trevor Darrell , Ludwig Schmidt

Accurate sensor calibration is crucial for autonomous systems, yet its uncertainty quantification remains underexplored. We present the first approach to integrate uncertainty awareness into online extrinsic calibration, combining Monte…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Mathieu Cocheteux , Julien Moreau , Franck Davoine

Reliable deep learning models require not only accurate predictions but also well-calibrated confidence estimates to ensure dependable uncertainty estimation. This is crucial in safety-critical applications like autonomous driving, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Hanieh Shojaei Miandashti , Qianqian Zou , Claus Brenner

Although neural networks are powerful function approximators, the underlying modelling assumptions ultimately define the likelihood and thus the hypothesis class they are parameterizing. In classification, these assumptions are minimal as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-24 Maria R. Cervera , Rafael Dätwyler , Francesco D'Angelo , Hamza Keurti , Benjamin F. Grewe , Christian Henning

The core of knowledge distillation lies in transferring the teacher's rich 'dark knowledge'-subtle probabilistic patterns that reveal how classes are related and the distribution of uncertainties. While this idea is well established,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jeonghyun Kim , SooKyung Kim , Richeng Xuan , Hyunsoo Cho

Conformal prediction delivers prediction intervals with distribution-free coverage, but its intervals can look overconfident in regions where the model is extrapolating, because standard conformal scores do not explicitly represent…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-10 Luben M. C. Cabezas , Sabina J. Sloman , Bruno M. Resende , Fanyi Wu , Michele Caprio , Rafael Izbicki
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