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We derive a heuristic nonlinear interference model for 4D probabilistic shaping considering the polarization and time correlation of the 4D symbols. We demonstrate an average SNR prediction gap from split-step Fourier simulations of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-03 Jingxin Deng , Bin Chen , Zhiwei Liang , Yi Lei , Gabriele Liga

Hardware distortions (HWD) render drastic effects on the performance of communication systems. They are recently proven to bear asymmetric signatures; and hence can be efficiently mitigated using improper Gaussian signaling (IGS), thanks to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-14 Sidrah Javed , Ahmed Elzanaty , Osama Amin , Basem Shihada , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

Integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) is considered an innovative technology in sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks, where utilizing orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) communication signals for sensing provides a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-15 Zhen Du , Jingjing Xu , Yifeng Xiong , Jie Wang , Musa Furkan Keskin , Henk Wymeersch , Fan Liu , Shi Jin

Integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) promises new use cases for mobile communication systems by reusing the communication signal for radar-like sensing. However, sensing and communications (S&C) impose conflicting requirements on…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-23 Benedikt Geiger , Fan Liu , Shihang Lu , Andrej Rode , Daniel Gil Gaviria , Charlotte Muth , Laurent Schmalen

One of the most important multi-carrier transmission techniques used in the latest wireless communication arena is known as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). It has several characteristics such as providing greater immunity…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2014-06-13 Md. Munjure Mowla , Liton Chandra Paul , Md. Rabiul Hasan

Next-generation intensity-modulation (IM) and direct-detection (DD) systems used in data centers are expected to operate at 400 Gb/s/lane and beyond. Such rates can be achieved by increasing the system bandwidth or the modulation format,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-25 Felipe Villenas , Kaiquan Wu , Yunus Can Gültekin , Jamal Riani , Alex Alvarado

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with index modulation (OFDM-IM) is a novel scheme where the information bits are conveyed through the subcarrier activation pattern (SAP) and the symbols on the active subcarriers. Unfortunately,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-05-30 Kee-Hoon Kim

We generalize probabilistic amplitude shaping (PAS) with binary codes to the case of non-binary codes defined over prime finite fields. Firstly, we introduce probabilistic shaping via time sharing where shaping applies to information…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-01-30 Joseph J. Boutros , Fanny Jardel , Cyril Méasson

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) based multi-carrier systems can support high data rate wireless transmission without the requirement of any extensive equalization and yet offer excellent immunity against fading and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2013-04-29 Md. Sakir Hossain , Sabbir Ahmed , Enayet Ullah , Md. Atiqul Islam

In this paper, a new four-dimensional 64-ary polarization ring switching (4D-64PRS) modulation format with a spectral efficiency of 6 bit/4D-sym is introduced. The format is designed by maximizing the generalized mutual information (GMI)…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-06-07 Bin Chen , Chigo Okonkwo , Hartmut Hafermann , Alex Alvarado

Recently, a metric called energy dispersion index (EDI) was proposed to indicate the nonlinear interference (NLI) induced by correlated symbols during optical transmission. In this paper, we propose a new shaper architecture to decrease the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-02-23 Kaiquan Wu , Gabriele Liga , Alireza Sheikh , Yunus Can Gültekin , Frans M. J. Willems , Alex Alvarado

This work shows how non-binary low-density parity-check codes over GF($2^p$) can be combined with probabilistic amplitude shaping (PAS) (B\"ocherer, et al., 2015), which combines forward-error correction with non-uniform signaling for…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-08-21 Fabian Steiner , Gianluigi Liva , Georg Böcherer

A semi-analytical method evaluates the error probability of DPSK signals with intrachannel four-wave-mixing (IFWM) in a highly dispersive fiber link with strong pulse overlap. Depending on initial pulse width, the mean nonlinear phase shift…

Optics · Physics 2013-01-15 Keang-Po Ho

Performance trade-offs between linear shaping and nonlinear tolerance of the recently introduced 4D orthant-symmetric 128-ary modulation format are investigated. Numerical simulations show 9.3% reach increase with respect to the 7b4D-2A8PSK…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Bin Chen , Chigo Okonkwo , Alex Alvarado

To detect M-ary pulse amplitude modulation signals reliably in an FSO communication system, the receiver requires accurate knowledge about the instantaneous channel attenuation on the signal. We derive here an optimum, symbol-by-symbol…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-05-12 Tianyu Song , Pooi-Yuen Kam

Integrated Sensing and Communications (ISAC) has garnered significant attention as a promising technology for the upcoming sixth-generation wireless communication systems (6G). In pursuit of this goal, a common strategy is that a unified…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-30 Zhen Du , Fan Liu , Yifeng Xiong , Tony Xiao Han , Weijie Yuan , Yuanhao Cui , Changhua Yao , Yonina C. Eldar

Probabilistic shaping (PS) has been widely studied and applied to optical fiber communications. The encoder of PS expends the number of bit slots and controls the probability distribution of channel input symbols. Not only studies focused…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-25 Tsuyoshi Yoshida , Koji Igarashi , Magnus Karlsson , Erik Agrell

Nonlinearity in coherent fiber links is fundamentally driven by the temporal statistics and spectral structure of signal intensity. This paper develops a unified framework that links block-level energy statistics of shaped constellations to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-06 Ravneel Prasad , Emanuele Viterbo

Future communication systems are anticipated to facilitate applications requiring high data transmission rates while maintaining energy efficiency. Hexagonal quadrature amplitude modulation (HQAM) offers this owing to its compact symbol…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-04 Sukhsagar , Nagendra Kumar , Vimal Bhatia

Free-space optical (FSO) transmission enables fast, secure, and efficient next-generation communications with abundant spectrum resources. However, atmospheric turbulence, pointing errors, path loss, and atmospheric loss induce random…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-25 Jingtian Liu , Xiongwei Yang , Yi Wei , Jianjun Yu , Feng Zhao