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The compositions of diverse planetary bodies are of fundamental interest to planetary science, providing clues to the formation and evolutionary history of the target bodies and the Solar system as a whole. Utilizing the X-ray fluorescence…
Localization microscopy enables imaging with resolutions that surpass the conventional optical diffraction limit. Notably, the MINFLUX method achieves super-resolution by shaping the excitation point-spread function (PSF) to minimize the…
We introduce shape fluctuations in a liquid-crystalline system by considering an elementary Maier--Saupe lattice model for a mixture of uniaxial and biaxial molecules. Shape variables are treated in the annealed (thermalized) limit. We…
Diffraction-before-destruction imaging with single ultrashort X-ray pulses has the potential to visualise non-equilibrium processes, such as chemical reactions, at the nanoscale with sub-femtosecond resolution in the native environment…
Self-seeding schemes, consisting of two undulators with a monochromator in between, aim at reducing the bandwidth of SASE X-ray FELs. We recently proposed to use a new method of monochromatization exploiting a single crystal in…
Laue lenses constitute a promising option for concentrating soft gamma rays with a large collection area and reasonable focal lengths. In astronomy they could lead to increased telescope sensitivity by one to two orders of magnitude, in…
The determination of fundamental parameters in X-ray luminous (persistent) X-ray binaries has been classically hampered by the large optical luminosity of the accretion disc. New methods, based on irradiation of the donor star and burst…
Free-electron lasers (FELs) can now generate temporally short, high power x-ray pulses of unprecedented brightness, even though their longitudinal coherence is relatively poor. The longitudinal coherence can be potentially improved by…
It is proposed a novel design of an X-ray monochromator which uses three crystals. The exit beam turns in horizontal plane on the angle $2\alpha$ with respect to the incoming beam. So, this kind of monochromator is suitable for side…
Minibeam and microbeam radiation therapy promise improved treatment outcomes through reduced normal tissue toxicity at better tumor control rates. The lack of suitable compact radiation sources limits the clinical application of minibeams…
We demonstrate the existence of stable three dimensional dissipative localized structures in the output of a laser coupled to a distant saturable absorber. These phase invariant light bullets are individually addressable and can be…
Extreme states of matter exist throughout the universe e.g. inside planetary cores, stars or astrophysical jets. Such conditions are generated in the laboratory in the interaction of powerful lasers with solids, and their evolution can be…
Femtosecond laser micromachining provides high precision and less thermal diffusion in surface structuring as a result of the ultrashort temporal duration and ultrahigh peak intensity of the femtosecond laser pulses. To increase the…
Quantitative phase imaging has become a topic of considerable interest in the microscopy community. We have recently described one such technique based on the use of a partitioned detection aperture, which can be operated in a single shot…
We studied the field structure on diffraction of a multi segment shaped laser beam. Diffraction of a laser beam with the shape of the multi circular segments was investigated.
Optical microscopy has so far been restricted to superficial layers, leaving many important biological questions unanswered. Random scattering causes the ballistic focus, which is conventionally used for image formation, to decay…
Hard X / soft gamma-ray polarimetric analysis can be performed efficiently by the study of Compton scattering anisotropy in a detector composed of fine pixels. But in the energy range above 100 keV where sources flux are extremely weak and…
The spatiotemporal response of crystals in x-ray Bragg diffraction resulting from excitation by an ultra-short, laterally confined x-ray pulse is studied theoretically. The theory presents an extension of the analysis in symmetric…
The design of low-profile linear microstrip arrays with wide-band spatial filtering capabilities is dealt with. An innovative architecture, leveraging the angular selectivity of offset stacked patch (OSP) radiators, is proposed to implement…
Diffractive X-ray telescopes using zone plates, phase Fresnel lenses, or related optical elements have the potential to provide astronomers with true imaging capability with resolution several orders of magnitude better than available in…