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This paper investigates the dynamics of noncooperative interactions between artificial intelligence agents and human decision-makers in strategic environments. In particular, motivated by extensive literature in behavioral Economics, human…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Dylan Waldner , Vyacheslav Kungurtsev , Mitchelle Ashimosi

A multi-agent system operates in an uncertain environment about which agents have different and time varying beliefs that, as time progresses, converge to a common belief. A global utility function that depends on the realized state of the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-02-08 Ceyhun Eksin , Alejandro Ribeiro

We introduce the topic of learning in multiagent systems. We first provide a quick introduction to the field of game theory, focusing on the equilibrium concepts of iterated dominance, and Nash equilibrium. We show some of the most relevant…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2009-09-29 Jose M. Vidal

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, intelligent decision-making techniques have gradually surpassed human levels in various human-machine competitions, especially in complex multi-agent cooperative task scenarios.…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Weiqiang Jin , Hongyang Du , Biao Zhao , Xingwu Tian , Bohang Shi , Guang Yang

Behavioral diversity, expert imitation, fairness, safety goals and others give rise to preferences in sequential decision making domains that do not decompose additively across time. We introduce the class of convex Markov games that allow…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Ian Gemp , Andreas Haupt , Luke Marris , Siqi Liu , Georgios Piliouras

In multi-agent reinforcement learning, the behaviors that agents learn in a single Markov Game (MG) are typically confined to the given agent number. Every single MG induced by varying the population may possess distinct optimal joint…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Shenao Zhang , Li Shen , Lei Han , Li Shen

We study offline multi-agent reinforcement learning (RL) in Markov games, where the goal is to learn an approximate equilibrium -- such as Nash equilibrium and (Coarse) Correlated Equilibrium -- from an offline dataset pre-collected from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Yuheng Zhang , Yu Bai , Nan Jiang

We propose an efficient multi-agent reinforcement learning approach to derive equilibrium strategies for multi-agents who are participating in a Markov game. Mainly, we are focused on obtaining decentralized policies for agents to maximize…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2018-10-23 Heechang Ryu , Hayong Shin , Jinkyoo Park

Recent years have seen the application of deep reinforcement learning techniques to cooperative multi-agent systems, with great empirical success. However, given the lack of theoretical insight, it remains unclear what the employed neural…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Jacopo Castellini , Frans A. Oliehoek , Rahul Savani , Shimon Whiteson

Multi-agent Markov Decision Processes (MMDPs) arise in a variety of applications including target tracking, control of multi-robot swarms, and multiplayer games. A key challenge in MMDPs occurs when the state and action spaces grow…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-03-31 Dinuka Sahabandu , Luyao Niu , Andrew Clark , Radha Poovendran

In reinforcement learning, we typically refer to unsupervised pre-training when we aim to pre-train a policy without a priori access to the task specification, i.e. rewards, to be later employed for efficient learning of downstream tasks.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Riccardo Zamboni , Mirco Mutti , Marcello Restelli

The use of mobile robots is being popular over the world mainly for autonomous explorations in hazardous/ toxic or unknown environments. This exploration will be more effective and efficient if the explorations in unknown environment can be…

Robotics · Computer Science 2011-10-11 Dip Narayan Ray , Somajyoti Majumder , Sumit Mukhopadhyay

Efficient collaborative decision making is an important challenge for multiagent systems. Finding optimal joint actions is especially challenging when each agent has only imperfect information about the state of its environment. Such…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-04-28 Frans A. Oliehoek , Shimon Whiteson , Matthijs T. J. Spaan

We present an agent-based simulator for economic systems with heterogeneous households, firms, central bank, and government agents. These agents interact to define production, consumption, and monetary flow. Each agent type has distinct…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Kshama Dwarakanath , Svitlana Vyetrenko , Tucker Balch

We study Nash equilibrium learning in partially observable Markov games (POMGs), a multi-agent reinforcement learning framework in which agents cannot fully observe the underlying state. Prior work in this setting relies on centralization…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Philip Jordan , Maryam Kamgarpour

Modeling the purposeful behavior of imperfect agents from a small number of observations is a challenging task. When restricted to the single-agent decision-theoretic setting, inverse optimal control techniques assume that observed behavior…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Kevin Waugh , Brian D. Ziebart , J. Andrew Bagnell

For Internet applications like sponsored search, cautions need to be taken when using machine learning to optimize their mechanisms (e.g., auction) since self-interested agents in these applications may change their behaviors (and thus the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-10-14 Haifang Li , Fei Tian , Wei Chen , Tao Qin , Tie-Yan Liu

Reinforcement learning algorithms in multi-agent systems deliver highly resilient and adaptable solutions for common problems in telecommunications,aerospace, and industrial robotics. However, achieving an optimal global goal remains a…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Changgang Zheng , Shufan Yang , Juan Parra-Ullauri , Antonio Garcia-Dominguez , Nelly Bencomo

Multi-agent networked linear dynamic systems have attracted attention of researchers in power systems, intelligent transportation, and industrial automation. The agents might cooperatively optimize a global performance objective, resulting…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-01-12 Feier Lian , Aranya Chakrabortty , Alexandra Duel-Hallen

In this paper, we investigate the noncooperative games of multi-agent systems. Different from existing noncooperative games, our formulation involves the high-order nonlinear dynamics of players, and the communication topologies among…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-17 Zhenhua Deng , Jin Luo
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