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Principal component analysis (PCA) is perhaps the most widely used method for data dimensionality reduction. A key question in PCA is deciding how many factors to retain. This manuscript describes a new approach to automatically selecting…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-10 Enes Makalic , Daniel F. Schmidt

The principal component analysis (PCA), a mathematical tool commonly used in statistics, has recently been employed to interpret the $p_T$-dependent fluctuations of harmonic flow $v_n$ in terms of leading and subleading flow modes in heavy…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2020-08-26 Ziming Liu , Arabinda Behera , Huichao Song , Jiangyong Jia

Modal analysis techniques are used to identify patterns and develop reduced-order models in a variety of fluid applications. However, experimentally acquired flow fields may be corrupted with incorrect and missing entries, which may degrade…

In our previous work, a reduced order model (ROM) for a stochastic system was made, where noisy data was projected onto principal component analysis (PCA)-derived basis vectors to obtain an accurate reconstruction of the noise-free data.…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2017-02-07 Indika Udagedara , Brian Helenbrook , Aaron Luttman , Jared Catenacci

Principal component analysis (PCA) is an indispensable tool in many learning tasks that finds the best linear representation for data. Classically, principal components of a dataset are interpreted as the directions that preserve most of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-03-13 Raphael A. Hauser , Armin Eftekhari , Heinrich F. Matzinger

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a widely used method for dimension reduction. In high dimensional data, the "signal" eigenvalues corresponding to weak principal components (PCs) do not necessarily separate from the bulk of the "noise"…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-10-03 Edgar Dobriban

The present paper applied Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for grouping of machines and parts so that the part families can be processed in the cells formed by those associated machines. An incidence matrix with binary entries has been…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2012-02-27 Manojit Chattopadhyay , Surajit Chattopadhyay , Pranab K Dan

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is well known for its capability of dimension reduction and data compression. However, when using PCA for compressing/reconstructing images, images need to be recast to vectors. The vectorization of images…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Liang Liao , Xuechun Zhang , Xinqiang Wang , Sen Lin , Xin Liu

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a well-established tool in machine learning and data processing. The principal axes in PCA were shown to be equivalent to the maximum marginal likelihood estimator of the factor loading matrix in a…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-10-25 Mengyang Gu , Weining Shen

This paper studies tensor-based Robust Principal Component Analysis (RPCA) using atomic-norm regularization. Given the superposition of a sparse and a low-rank tensor, we present conditions under which it is possible to exactly recover the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-01-31 Derek Driggs , Stephen Becker , Jordan Boyd-Graber

We introduce the notion of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of image gradient orientations. As image data is typically noisy, but noise is substantially different from Gaussian, traditional PCA of pixel intensities very often fails to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2010-05-18 Georgios Tzimiropoulos , Stefanos Zafeiriou

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a dimension reduction technique. It produces inconsistent estimators when the dimensionality is moderate to high, which is often the problem in modern large-scale applications where algorithm…

Computation · Statistics 2016-01-29 Qiaoya Zhang , Yiyuan She

In this brief note, we formulate Principal Component Analysis (PCA) over datasets consisting not of points but of distributions, characterized by their location and covariance. Just like the usual PCA on points can be equivalently derived…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-06-26 Vlad Niculae

Many machine learning systems are vulnerable to small perturbations made to inputs either at test time or at training time. This has received much recent interest on the empirical front due to applications where reliability and security are…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-08-16 Pranjal Awasthi , Vaggos Chatziafratis , Xue Chen , Aravindan Vijayaraghavan

Tensor train is a hierarchical tensor network structure that helps alleviate the curse of dimensionality by parameterizing large-scale multidimensional data via a set of network of low-rank tensors. Associated with such a construction is a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-15 Wenqi Wang , Vaneet Aggarwal , Shuchin Aeron

Intermittency analysis of factorial moments is a promising method used for the detection of power-law scaling in high-energy collision data. In particular, it has been employed in the search of fluctuations characteristic of the critical…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2025-07-03 Nikolaos Davis

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a classical dimension reduction method which projects data onto the principal subspace spanned by the leading eigenvectors of the covariance matrix. However, it behaves poorly when the number of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-05-27 Zongming Ma

Principal component analysis (PCA) is one of the most widely used dimension reduction and multivariate statistical techniques. From a probabilistic perspective, PCA seeks a low-dimensional representation of data in the presence of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-06 Chihao Zhang , Kuo Gai , Shihua Zhang

We analyze principal component regression (PCR) in a high-dimensional error-in-variables setting with fixed design. Under suitable conditions, we show that PCR consistently identifies the unique model with minimum $\ell_2$-norm. These…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-08-28 Anish Agarwal , Devavrat Shah , Dennis Shen

Over the years, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) has served as the baseline approach for dimensionality reduction in gene expression data analysis. It primary objective is to identify a subset of disease-causing genes from a vast pool of…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2023-06-13 Sean Cottrell , Rui Wang , Guowei Wei