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We have assembled a sample of 1187 thermonuclear (type-I) X-ray bursts from 48 accreting neutron stars by the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer, spanning more than ten years. The sample contains examples of two of the three theoretical ignition…
Thermonuclear X-ray bursts on the surface of neutron stars (NSs) can enrich photosphere with metals, which may imprint the photoionization edges on the burst spectra. We report here the discovery of absorption edges in the spectra of the…
Extending the photon energy range of bright high-harmonic generation to cover the entire soft X-ray region is important for many applications in science and technology. The concept of critical ionization fraction has been essential, because…
We find that the amount and nature of the assumed ionizing background can strongly affect galaxy formation and evolution. Galaxy evolution simulations typically incorporate an ultraviolet background which falls off rapidly above z=3; e.g.,…
The average-atom model is applied to study Thomson scattering of x-rays from warm-dense matter with emphasis on scattering by bound electrons. Parameters needed to evaluate the dynamic structure function (chemical potential, average ionic…
In an attempt to replicate work performed elsewhere [1], we have searched for x-ray induced nuclear activation of deuterated materials. Our first results, reported in September 2015, showed no evidence of nuclear activation, contrary to the…
Nonthermal radiation observed from astrophysical systems containing relativistic jets and shocks, e.g., gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), active galactic nuclei (AGNs), and microquasars commonly exhibit power-law emission spectra. Recent PIC…
Investigations of the laser-induced microbunching as it is related to time-sliced electron-beam diagnostics and high-gain-harmonic generation (HGHG) free-electron lasers using bright electron beams are proposed for the ASTA facility.…
We experimentally study the real-time susceptibility of trapped-ion quantum systems to small doses of ionizing radiation. We expose an ion-trap apparatus to a variety of $\alpha$, $\beta$, and $\gamma$ sources and measure the resulting…
Heavily-doped semiconductor films are very promising for application in mid-infrared plasmonic devices because the real part of their dielectric function is negative and broadly tunable in this wavelength range. In this work we investigate…
Ablating a target with an ultraintense laser pulse can create a cloud of collisionless plasma. A density ramp forms, in which the plasma density decreases and the ion's mean speed increases with distance from the plasma source. Its width…
Stimulated emission of sensitized Erbium atoms is reported in silicon-rich silicon nitride waveguides. Visible pump and infrared probe measurements are carried out in waveguides fabricated from erbium-doped silicon rich silicon nitride. A…
Ultrafast reaction processes take place when resonant features of nonlinear model systems are taken into account. In the targeted energy or electron transfer dimer model this is accomplished through the implementation of nonlinear…
The stability of the ion-temperature gradient mode in quasisymmetric stellarators is assessed. This is performed using a set of analytical estimates together with linear gyrokinetic simulations. The peak growth rates, their corresponding…
We present a theoretical study of temporal, spectral, and spatial reshaping of intense, ultrafast x-ray pulses propagating through a resonant medium. Our calculations are based on the solution of a 3D time-dependent Schr\"odinger-Maxwell…
Multi-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations are used to study the generation of electrostatic shocks in plasma and the reflection of background ions to produce high-quality and high-energy ion beams. Electrostatic shocks are driven by…
During the past decay many experimental configurations to improve the yield of hydrogen by electrolysis. These attempts include tests of different materials for the electrodes. This study proposes the use of {\gamma}-radiation of waste…
The report contains various aspects of radiation damage in silicon detectors subjected to high intensity hadron and electromagnetic irradiation. It focuses on improvements for the foreseen LHC applications, employing oxygenation of silicon…
Autoresonant phase-locking of the plasma wakefield to the beat frequency of two driving lasers offers advantages over conventional wakefield acceleration methods, since it requires less demanding laser parameters and is robust to variations…
The features of Betatron x-ray emission produced in a laser-plasma accelerator are closely linked to the properties of the relativistic electrons which are at the origin of the radiation. While in interaction regimes explored previously the…