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We consider a multi-agent episodic MDP setup where an agent (leader) takes action at each step of the episode followed by another agent (follower). The state evolution and rewards depend on the joint action pair of the leader and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Arnob Ghosh

We motivate and propose a new model for non-cooperative Markov game which considers the interactions of risk-aware players. This model characterizes the time-consistent dynamic "risk" from both stochastic state transitions (inherent to the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-11-22 Wenjie Huang , Pham Viet Hai , William B. Haskell

Stackelberg security games are a critical tool for maximizing the utility of limited defense resources to protect important targets from an intelligent adversary. Motivated by green security, where the defender may only observe an…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-06-24 Andrew Perrault , Bryan Wilder , Eric Ewing , Aditya Mate , Bistra Dilkina , Milind Tambe

This article introduces a class of $Nash$ games among $Stackelberg$ players ($NASPs$), namely, a class of simultaneous non-cooperative games where the players solve sequential Stackelberg games. Specifically, each player solves a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Margarida Carvalho , Gabriele Dragotto , Felipe Feijoo , Andrea Lodi , Sriram Sankaranarayanan

Previous research has shown that federated learning (FL) systems are exposed to an array of security risks. Despite the proposal of several defensive strategies, they tend to be non-adaptive and specific to certain types of attacks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Yunian Pan , Tao Li , Henger Li , Tianyi Xu , Zizhan Zheng , Quanyan Zhu

This paper investigates a robust incentive Stackelberg stochastic differential game problem for a linear-quadratic mean field system, where the model uncertainty appears in the drift term of the leader's state equation. Moreover, both the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-31 Na Xiang , Jingtao Shi

Guided cooperation allows intelligent agents with heterogeneous capabilities to work together by following a leader-follower type of interaction. However, the associated control problem becomes challenging when the leader agent does not…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-01 Yuhan Zhao , Quanyan Zhu

Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) is widely used to specify high-level objectives for system policies, and it is highly desirable for autonomous systems to learn the optimal policy with respect to such specifications. However, learning the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Daqian Shao , Marta Kwiatkowska

We study payoff manipulation in repeated multi-objective Stackelberg games, where a leader may strategically influence a follower's deterministic best response, e.g., by offering a share of their own payoff. We assume that the follower's…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Phurinut Srisawad , Juergen Branke , Long Tran-Thanh

This paper provides a systematic study of the robust Stackelberg equilibrium (RSE), which naturally generalizes the widely adopted solution concept of the strong Stackelberg equilibrium (SSE). The RSE accounts for any possible…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jiarui Gan , Minbiao Han , Jibang Wu , Haifeng Xu

Agents rarely act in isolation -- their behavioral history, in particular, is public to others. We seek a non-asymptotic understanding of how a leader agent should shape this history to its maximal advantage, knowing that follower agent(s)…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-05-29 Vidya Muthukumar , Anant Sahai

Remote estimation is a crucial element of real time monitoring of a stochastic process. While most of the existing works have concentrated on obtaining optimal sampling strategies, motivated by malicious attacks on cyber-physical systems,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Atahan Dokme , Raj Kiriti Velicheti , Melih Bastopcu , Tamer Başar

We present a resource-planning game for cyber-security of networked control systems (NCS). The NCS is assumed to be operating in closed-loop using a linear state-feedback $\mathcal{H}_2$ controller. A zero-sum, two-player Stackelberg game…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-08-26 Pratishtha Shukla , Lu An , Aranya Chakrabortty , Alexandra Duel-Hallen

We investigate a co-design problem, encompassing simultaneous design of system infrastructure and control, through a game-theoretical framework. To this end, we propose the co-design problem as a two-layer hierarchical strategic…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-18 Julian Barreiro-Gomez , Ye Wang

Stochastic games are a popular framework for studying multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). Recent advances in MARL have focused primarily on games with finitely many states. In this work, we study multi-agent learning in stochastic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Awni Altabaa , Bora Yongacoglu , Serdar Yüksel

We introduce the application of online learning in a Stackelberg game pertaining to a system with two learning agents in a dyadic exchange network, consisting of a supplier and retailer, specifically where the parameters of the demand…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Larkin Liu , Yuming Rong

Stackelberg games, widely applied in domains like economics and security, involve asymmetric interactions where a leader's strategy drives follower responses. Accurately modeling these dynamics allows domain experts to optimize strategies…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Kuang-Da Wang , Ping-Chun Hsieh , Wen-Chih Peng

Stochastic patrol routing is known to be advantageous in adversarial settings; however, the optimal choice of stochastic routing strategy is dependent on a model of the adversary. We adopt a worst-case omniscient adversary model from the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-10 Yohan John , Gilberto Diaz-Garcia , Xiaoming Duan , Jason R. Marden , Francesco Bullo

This paper is concerned with a linear-quadratic partially observed mean field Stackelberg stochastic differential game, which contains a leader and a large number of followers. Specifically, the followers confront a large-population Nash…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-09 Yu Si , Yueyang Zheng , Jingtao Shi

In this paper, we present an efficient algorithm to solve online Stackelberg games, featuring multiple followers, in a follower-agnostic manner. Unlike previous works, our approach works even when leader has no knowledge about the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-28 Chinmay Maheshwari , James Cheng , S. Shankar Sasty , Lillian Ratliff , Eric Mazumdar
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