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We report correlation measurements on two $^9$Be$^+$ ions that violate a chained Bell inequality obeyed by any local-realistic theory. The correlations can be modeled as derived from a mixture of a local-realistic probabilistic distribution…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-05 T. R. Tan , Y. Wan , S. Erickson , P. Bierhorst , D. Kienzler , S. Glancy , E. Knill , D. Leibfried , D. J. Wineland

The violation of Bell, CHSH and CH inequalities indicates only that the assumption of "conterfactual definiteness" and/or the probabilistic models used in proofs were incorrect. In this paper we discuss in detail an intimate relation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-08-26 Marian Kupczynski

Correlations that cannot be reproduced with local variables certify the generation of private randomness. Usually, the violation of a Bell inequality is used to quantify the amount of randomness produced. Here, we show how private…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-04-16 Jean-Daniel Bancal , Lana Sheridan , Valerio Scarani

A Bell test is a randomized trial that compares experimental observations against the philosophical worldview of local realism. A Bell test requires spatially distributed entanglement, fast and high-efficiency detection and unpredictable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-12 The BIG Bell Test Collaboration , C. Abellán , A. Acín , A. Alarcón , O. Alibart , C. K. Andersen , F. Andreoli , A. Beckert , F. A. Beduini , A. Bendersky , M. Bentivegna , P. Bierhorst , D. Burchardt , A. Cabello , J. Cariñe , S. Carrasco , G. Carvacho , D. Cavalcanti , R. Chaves , J. Cortés-Vega , A. Cuevas , A. Delgado , H. de Riedmatten , C. Eichler , P. Farrera , J. Fuenzalida , M. García-Matos , R. Garthoff , S. Gasparinetti , T. Gerrits , F. Ghafari Jouneghani , S. Glancy , E. S. Gómez , P. González , J. -Y. Guan , J. Handsteiner , J. Heinsoo , G. Heinze , A. Hirschmann , O. Jiménez , F. Kaiser , E. Knill , L. T. Knoll , S. Krinner , P. Kurpiers , M. A. Larotonda , J. -Å. Larsson , A. Lenhard , H. Li , M. -H. Li , G. Lima , B. Liu , Y. Liu , I. H. López Grande , T. Lunghi , X. Ma , O. S. Magaña-Loaiza , P. Magnard , A. Magnoni , M. Martí-Prieto , D. Martínez , P. Mataloni , A. Mattar , M. Mazzera , R. P. Mirin , M. W. Mitchell , S. Nam , M. Oppliger , J. -W. Pan , R. B. Patel , G. J. Pryde , D. Rauch , K. Redeker , D. Rieländer , M. Ringbauer , T. Roberson , W. Rosenfeld , Y. Salathé , L. Santodonato , G. Sauder , T. Scheidl , C. T. Schmiegelow , F. Sciarrino , A. Seri , L. K. Shalm , S. -C. Shi , S. Slussarenko , M. J. Stevens , S. Tanzilli , F. Toledo , J. Tura , R. Ursin , P. Vergyris , V. B. Verma , T. Walter , A. Wallraff , Z. Wang , H. Weinfurter , M. M. Weston , A. G. White , C. Wu , G. B. Xavier , L. You , X. Yuan , A. Zeilinger , Q. Zhang , W. Zhang , J. Zhong

Adopting the frame of mesoscopic physics, we describe a Bell type experiment involving time-delayed two-particle correlation measurements. The indistinguishability of quantum particles results in a specific interference between different…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 A. V. Lebedev , G. Blatter

In this paper, we use Bell inequality and nonlocality to study the bipartite correlation in an exactly soluble two-dimensional mixed spin system. Bell inequality turns out to be a valuable detector for phase transitions in this model. It…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-07-26 Z. Y. Sun , Y. Y. Wu , H. L. Huang , B. Wang

Bell's theorem is typically understood as the proof that quantum theory is incompatible with local-hidden-variable models. More generally, we can see the violation of a Bell inequality as witnessing the impossibility of explaining quantum…

Einstein's locality is invoked to derive a correlation inequality. In the case of ideal experiments, this inequality is equivalent to Bell's original inequality of 1965 which, as is well known, is violated by a maximum factor of 1.5. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. Ardehali

In a previous publication, we showed how group actions can be used to generate Bell inequalities. The group action yields a set of measurement probabilities whose sum is the basic element in the inequality. The sum has an upper bound if the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-26 V. Ugur Guney , Mark Hillery

Likelihood ratio tests and the Wilks theorems have been pivotal in statistics but have rarely been explored in network models with an increasing dimension. We are concerned here with likelihood ratio tests in the $\beta$-model for…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-11-21 Ting Yan , Yuanzhang Li , Jinfeng Xu , Yaning Yang , Ji Zhu

We develop a novel approach to Bell inequalities based on a constraint that the correlations exhibited by local realistic theories must satisfy. This is used to construct a family of Bell inequalities for bipartite quantum systems of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 D. Collins , N. Gisin , N. Linden , S. Massar , S. Popescu

To reproduce in a local hidden variables theory correlations that violate Bell inequalities, communication must occur between the parties. We show that the amount of violation of a Bell inequality imposes a lower bound on the average…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-10-22 Stefano Pironio

Recently Wang et al. have reported a violation of a Bell inequality without entanglement [arXiv:2507.07756]. We show that their result is an artifact of postselection. It is well known that postselection may yield Bell inequality…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-20 Ken Wharton , Huw Price

The non-local game scenario provides a powerful framework to study the limitations of classical and quantum correlations, by studying the upper bounds of the winning probabilities those correlations offer in cooperation games where…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-07 Ricardo Faleiro

In the present paper it is demonstrated that Bell's expression for local hidden variable correlation allows one to derive the quantum correlation. This raises questions about the use of Bell inequalities in experiments. In the paper a CHSH…

General Physics · Physics 2010-11-15 J. F Geurdes

We study the classical and quantum values of one- and two-party linear games, an important class of unique games that generalizes the well-known XOR games to the case of non-binary outcomes. We introduce a ``constraint graph" associated to…

In the Heisenberg picture of unitary quantum theory, Bell inequalities are violated with local elements of reality interacting locally. Here is how: Upon measuring her particle of the entangled pair, Alice -- like other coupled systems --…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-25 Charles Alexandre Bédard

Bell inequality tests based on high-dimensional entanglement usually require measurements that can resolve multiple possible outcomes. However, the implementation of high-dimensional multi-outcome measurements is often only emulated via a…

This paper provides a systematic analysis of Bell experiments from the relational perspective, demonstrating that the apparent ``nonlocality'' of quantum mechanics stems from a problematic application of relativistic principles rather than…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-11 Jan van Neerven , Marijn Waaijer

Bell inequalities reveal the fundamentally nonlocal character of quantum mechanics. In this regard, one of the interesting problems is to explore all possible Bell inequalities that demonstrate a gap between local and nonlocal quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-10 Palash Pandya , Shubhayan Sarkar , Remigiusz Augusiak