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This paper presents the spherically-averaged 21 cm power spectrum derived from Epoch of Reionization (EoR) observations conducted with the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA). The analysis uses EoR0-field data, centered at (RA$=0h$,…

Unaccounted for systematics from foregrounds and instruments can severely limit the sensitivity of current experiments from detecting redshifted 21~cm signals from the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). Upcoming experiments are faced with a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-07-06 Nithyanandan Thyagarajan , Aaron Parsons , David DeBoer , Judd Bowman , Aaron Ewall-Wice , Abraham Neben , Nipanjana Patra

The cross-correlation between the 21 cm emission from the high-redshift intergalactic medium and the near-infrared (NIR) background light from the high-redshift galaxies promises to be a powerful probe of cosmic reionization. In this paper,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-07-18 Xiao-Chun Mao

Characterizing the epoch of reionization (EoR) at $z\gtrsim 6$ via the redshifted 21 cm line of neutral Hydrogen (HI) is critical to modern astrophysics and cosmology, and thus a key science goal of many current and planned low-frequency…

The redshifted 21-cm signal from neutral hydrogen (HI) in the intergalactic medium (IGM) is a powerful probe of the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). Owing to the complex growth and morphology of ionized regions, the 21-cm brightness-temperature…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-19 Vishrut Pandya , Leon Noble , Suman Majumdar , Debanjan Sarkar , Mohd Kamran , Abhirup Datta

The morphology of the 21-cm signal emitted by the neutral hydrogen present in the intergalactic medium (IGM) during the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) depends both on the properties of the sources of ionizing radiation and on the underlying…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-04 Leon Noble , Mohd Kamran , Suman Majumdar , Chandra Shekhar Murmu , Raghunath Ghara , Garrelt Mellema , Ilian T. Iliev , Jonathan R. Pritchard

Observations of redshifted 21-cm radiation from neutral hydrogen during the epoch of reionization (EoR) are considered to constitute the most promising tool to probe that epoch. One of the major goals of the first generation of low…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-30 Kanan K. Datta , Garrelt Mellema , Yi Mao , Ilian T. Iliev , Paul R. Shapiro , Kyungjin Ahn

There are several planned and ongoing experiments designed to explore the Epoch of Reionization (EoR), the pivotal period during which the gas in the intergalactic medium went from being entirely neutral to almost entirely ionized. These…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2010-08-27 Vibor Jelic

The epoch of reionization (EoR) marks the last phase transition of hydrogen in our Universe, as it evolves from cold and neutral to hot and ionized in the intergalactic medium (IGM). While its endpoint and duration can be estimated from…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-12 Sarah Libanore , Ely D. Kovetz , Julian B. Munoz , Yonatan Sklansky , Emilie Thélie

The measurements of the 21-cm brightness temperature fluctuations from the neutral hydrogen at the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) should inaugurate the next generation of cosmological observables. In this respect, many works have concentrated…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2013-01-10 Sebastien Clesse , Laura Lopez-Honorez , Christophe Ringeval , Hiroyuki Tashiro , Michel H. G. Tytgat

The 21 cm transition from neutral Hydrogen promises to be the best observational probe of the Epoch of Reionisation (EoR). This has led to the construction of low-frequency radio interferometric arrays, such as the Hydrogen Epoch of…

Intensity mapping of multiple emission lines is emerging as a new branch to astronomy, to probe both properties of ionizing sources and the medium between, in particular the intergalactic medium. For Epoch of Reionization (EoR) studies,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-08-03 Caroline Heneka , Asantha Cooray

The redshifted 21-cm signal is a unique probe of the early universe, particularly the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). While the 21-cm power spectrum has been the primary statistic for parameter inference, it fails to capture the non-Gaussian…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-03 Anoop Krishna , Deepthi Moorkanat , Hiten , Rajesh Mondal

The first generation of redshifted 21 cm detection experiments, carried out with arrays like LOFAR, MWA and GMRT, will have a very low signal-to-noise ratio per resolution element (\sim 0.2). In addition, whereas the variance of the…

Measurements of the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) 21-cm signal hold the potential to constrain models of reionization. In this paper we consider a reionization model with three astrophysical parameters namely (1) the minimum halo mass which…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-08-18 Abinash Kumar Shaw , Somnath Bharadwaj , Rajesh Mondal

We present a halo-model-based approach to calculate the cross-correlation between $\rm{21\,cm}$ HI intensity fluctuations and $\rm{Ly}\alpha$ emitters (LAE) during the epoch of reionization (EoR). Ionizing radiation around dark matter halos…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-09-06 Chang Feng , Asantha Cooray , Brian Keating

Observations with radio arrays that target the 21-cm signal originating from the early Universe suffer from a variety of systematic effects. An important class of these are reflections and spurious couplings between antennas. We apply a…

Cross-correlations between 21cm observations and galaxy surveys provide a powerful probe of reionization by reducing foreground sensitivity while linking ionization morphology to galaxies. We quantify the constraining power of 21cm-Galaxy…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-27 Yannic Pietschke , Anne Hutter , Caroline Heneka

Improvements in current instruments and the advent of next-generation instruments will soon push observational 21 cm cosmology into a new era, with high significance measurements of both the power spectrum and the mean ("global") signal of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-02-08 Adrian Liu , Aaron R. Parsons

The GMRT Epoch of Reionization (EoR) experiment is an ongoing effort to measure the power spectrum from neutral hydrogen at high redshift. We have previously reported an upper limit of (70 mK)^2 at wavenumbers of k=0.65 h/Mpc using a basic…