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We present a fully three-dimensional initial state model for relativistic heavy-ion collisions at RHIC Beam Energy Scan (BES) collision energies. The initial energy and net baryon density profiles are produced based on a classical string…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2017-11-30 Chun Shen , Björn Schenke

The individual studies of the anisotropic flow vector, flow angle and flow magnitude fluctuations with multi-particle correlations provide insight into the initial conditions and properties of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) created in…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2022-11-28 Emil Gorm Nielsen , You Zhou

Correlations between mean transverse momentum $[p_{\rm T}]$ and anisotropic flow coefficients $v_{\rm 2}$ or $v_{\rm 3}$ are measured as a function of centrality in Pb$-$Pb and Xe$-$Xe collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 5.02$ TeV and 5.44…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2022-12-02 ALICE Collaboration

We propose to study the fluid dynamic propagation of fluctuations in relativistic heavy ion collisions differentially with respect to their azimuthal, radial and longitudinal wavelength. To this end, we introduce a background-fluctuation…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-01-13 Stefan Floerchinger , Urs Achim Wiedemann

This work presents data analysis on Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$=2.76 TeV with centrality $40\%-50\%$. We present introduction and Monte-Carlo simulation results of the Glauber model, which shed light on the initial geometric…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2022-07-13 Ce-ran Hu , Wen-tao He , Cheng-ze Lyu , Kang-jie Yang , Lily Yao , Rui-chong Zhao

Predictions on fluctuations of hadron production properties in central heavy ion collisions are presented. They are based on the Statistical Model of the Early Stage and extend previously published results by considering the strongly…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-09-21 R. V. Poberezhnyuk , M. I. Gorenstein , M. Gazdzicki

Effects caused by the event-by-event fluctuation of the initial conditions in hydrodynamical description of high-energy heavy-ion collisions are investigated. Non-negligible effects appear for several observable quantities, even for a fixed…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-11-17 C. E. Aguiar , Y. Hama , T. Kodama , T. Osada

A global Bayesian analysis of relativistic Pb + Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s}_{\rm NN}$ = 2.76 TeV is performed, using a multistage model consisting of an IP-Glasma initial state, a viscous fluid dynamical evolution, and a hadronic transport…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-06-24 Matthew R. Heffernan , Charles Gale , Sangyong Jeon , Jean-François Paquet

A method is proposed to measure the relative azimuthal angle distributions involving two or more event planes of different order in heavy ion collisions using a Fourier analysis technique. The analysis procedure is demonstrated for…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2013-07-31 Jiangyong Jia , Soumya Mohapatra

The ability to accurately compute the series of coefficients $v_n$ characterizing the momentum space anisotropies of particle production in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions as a function of centrality is widely regarded as a triumph…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2014-06-25 Thorsten Renk , Harri Niemi

The main ideas, technical concepts and perspectives for a mode resolved description of the hydrodynamical regime of relativistic heavy ion collisions are discussed. A background-fluctuation splitting and a Bessel-Fourier expansion for the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2014-08-28 Stefan Floerchinger

The Parton-Hadron-String-Dynamics (PHSD) transport model is used to study the influence of the initial size of spatial fluctuations of the interacting system on flow observables in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV for…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-03-29 V. P. Konchakovski , W. Cassing , V. D. Toneev

In the framework of the Glauber approach we investigate the influence of the initial fluctuations on various measures of the initial-state geometry in 63Cu+197Au and 238U+238U relativistic ion collisions. Comparing variants of Glauber model…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2014-03-03 Maciej Rybczynski , Wojciech Broniowski , Grzegorz Stefanek

The early stages of high energy heavy ion collisions are studied in the Color Glass Condensate framework, with a real-time classical lattice simulation. When increasing the coupling constant, we observe a rapid increase of the ratio of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2013-12-16 Thomas Epelbaum , Francois Gelis

Bose-Einstein correlations in relativistic heavy ion collisions are examined in a general model containing the essential features of hydrodynamical, cascade as well as other models commonly employed for describing the particle freeze-out.…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-10-30 H. Heiselberg , A. P. Vischer

We apply the hydrodynamic model for the dynamics of matter created in p-Pb collisions at 4.4TeV and d-Pb collisions at 3.11TeV. The fluctuating initial conditions are calculated in the Glauber Monte-Carlo model for several centrality…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2012-02-01 Piotr Bozek

The experimentally measured elliptic ($v_{2}$) and hexadecapole ($v_{4}$) flow of charged particles as a function of transverse momentum ($p_{T}$) at midrapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV are compared with…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2013-05-07 Victor Roy , Bedangadas Mohanty , A. K. Chaudhuri

Event-by-event mean transverse momentum fluctuations ($\langle p_\mathrm{T}\rangle$) serve as a sensitive probe of initial state overlap geometry and energy density fluctuations in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. We present a systematic…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-02-14 Liuyao Zhang , Jinhui Chen , Chunjian Zhang

It is well understood that subnuclear fluctuations in the initial state of heavy-ion collisions have an important impact on the creation of long-range correlations in the transverse plane. This is also true for the creation of particle…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-10-23 Oscar Garcia-Montero , Sören Schlichting , Jie Zhu

We determine the average state and the uncorrelated modes that characterize the event-by-event fluctuations of the initial state in two typical centrality classes of Pb-Pb collisions at 5.02 TeV. We find that modes in a narrow central bin…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-11-04 Renata Krupczak , Nicolas Borghini , Hendrik Roch