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When a system thermalizes it loses all local memory of its initial conditions. This is a general feature of open systems and is well described by equilibrium statistical mechanics. Even within a closed (or reversible) quantum system, where…

Thermalizing quantum systems are conventionally described by statistical mechanics at equilibrium. However, not all systems fall into this category, with many body localization providing a generic mechanism for thermalization to fail in…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2019-05-29 Dmitry A. Abanin , Ehud Altman , Immanuel Bloch , Maksym Serbyn

The law of statistical physics dictates that generic closed quantum many-body systems initialized in nonequilibrium will thermalize under their own dynamics. However, the emergence of many-body localization (MBL) owing to the interplay…

In the presence of disorder, an interacting closed quantum system can undergo many-body localization (MBL) and fail to thermalize. However, over long times even weak couplings to any thermal environment will necessarily thermalize the…

Strong disorder inhibits thermalization in isolated quantum systems and may lead to many-body localization (MBL). In realistic situations, however, the observation of MBL is hindered by residual couplings of the system to an environment,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-04-01 Jonas Richter

Phase transitions are driven by collective fluctuations of a system's constituents that emerge at a critical point. This mechanism has been extensively explored for classical and quantum systems in equilibrium, whose critical behavior is…

Hybrid quantum-classical systems make it possible to utilize existing quantum computers to their fullest extent. Within this framework, parameterized quantum circuits can be regarded as machine learning models with remarkable expressive…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-15 Marcello Benedetti , Erika Lloyd , Stefan Sack , Mattia Fiorentini

Statistical mechanics provides a framework for describing the physics of large, complex many-body systems using only a few macroscopic parameters to determine the state of the system. For isolated quantum many-body systems, such a…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-02-11 Piotr Sierant , Maciej Lewenstein , Antonello Scardicchio , Lev Vidmar , Jakub Zakrzewski

Quantum supremacy is the ability of quantum processors to outperform classical computers at certain tasks. In digital random quantum circuit approaches for supremacy, the output distribution produced is described by the Porter-Thomas (PT)…

Many-body localization (MBL) describes a quantum phase where an isolated interacting system subject to sufficient disorder displays non-ergodic behavior, evading thermal equilibrium that occurs under its own dynamics. Previously, the…

Hybrid quantum neural networks (HQNNs) integrate parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) within classical networks, where the behavior of the underlying PQCs is often the primary focus of analysis. In this context, expressibility and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-26 Muhammad Kashif , Muhammad Shafique

Many-body localization (MBL) transition emerges at strong disorder in interacting systems, separating chaotic and reversible dynamics. Although the existence of MBL transition within the macroscopic limit in spin chains with a short-range…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2026-02-06 Illia Lukin , Andrii Sotnikov , Alexander L. Burin

We investigate dynamical many-body systems capable of universal computation, which leads to their properties being unpredictable unless the dynamics is simulated from the beginning to the end. Unpredictable behavior can be quantitatively…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-16 Javad Kazemi , Hendrik Weimer

Closed generic quantum many-body systems may fail to thermalize under certain conditions even after long times, a phenomenon called many-body localization (MBL). Numerous studies support the stability of the MBL phase in strongly disordered…

Current quantum simulation experiments are starting to explore non-equilibrium many-body dynamics in previously inaccessible regimes in terms of system sizes and time scales. Therefore, the question emerges which observables are best suited…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2022-05-24 A. Bohrdt , S. Kim , A. Lukin , M. Rispoli , R. Schittko , M. Knap , M. Greiner , J. Léonard

The absence of thermalization in certain isolated many-body systems is of great fundamental interest. Many-body localization (MBL) is a widely studied mechanism for thermalization to fail in strongly disordered quantum systems, but it is…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2023-11-07 L. J. Stanley , Ping V. Lin , J. Jaroszyński , Dragana Popović

Quantum emulators, owing to their large degree of tunability and control, allow the observation of fine aspects of closed quantum many-body systems, as either the regime where thermalization takes place or when it is halted by the presence…

We present an introductory review of nonergodic dynamics in interacting many-body quantum systems, focusing on the phenomenon of many-body localization (MBL). We describe aspects of MBL and summarize the evidence for a crossover from the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-15 Jakub Zakrzewski

Many-body localization (MBL) provides a mechanism by which interacting quantum systems evade thermalization, leading to persistent memory of initial conditions and slow entanglement growth. Probing these dynamical signatures in large…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-16 Kazuma Nagao , Tomonori Shirakawa , Rongyang Sun , Peter Prelovšek , Seiji Yunoki

The interplay between interactions and quenched disorder can result in rich dynamical quantum phenomena far from equilibrium, particularly when many-body localization prevents the system from full thermalization. With the aim of tackling…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2018-02-14 S. J. Thomson , M. Schiró
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