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Flaky tests (tests with non-deterministic outcomes) pose a major challenge for software testing. They are known to cause significant issues such as reducing the effectiveness and efficiency of testing and delaying software releases. In…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-12-05 Shawn Rasheed , Amjed Tahir , Jens Dietrich , Negar Hashemi , Lu Zhang

Test flakiness forms a major testing concern. Flaky tests manifest non-deterministic outcomes that cripple continuous integration and lead developers to investigate false alerts. Industrial reports indicate that on a large scale, the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-12-10 Sarra Habchi , Guillaume Haben , Mike Papadakis , Maxime Cordy , Yves Le Traon

The functionality of many mobile applications is dependent on various contextual, external factors. Depending on unforeseen scenarios, mobile apps can even malfunction or crash. In this paper, we have introduced MobiCoMonkey - automated…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-04-10 Amit Seal Ami , Md. Mehedi Hasan , Md. Rayhanur Rahman , Kazi Sakib

Flaky tests can make automated software testing unreliable due to their unpredictable behavior. These tests can pass or fail on the same code base on multiple runs. However, flaky tests often do not refer to any fault, even though they can…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Hasnain Iqbal , Zerina Begum , Kazi Sakib

Flaky tests yield different results when executed multiple times for the same version of the source code. Thus, they provide an ambiguous signal about the quality of the code and interfere with the automated assessment of code changes.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Alexander Berndt , Thomas Bach , Sebastian Baltes

While extremely valuable to achieve advanced functions, mobile phone sensors can be abused by attackers to implement malicious activities in Android apps, as experimentally demonstrated by many state-of-the-art studies. There is hence a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Xiaoyu Sun , Xiao Chen , Kui Liu , Sheng Wen , Li Li , John Grundy

Flaky tests obstruct software development, and studying and proposing mitigations against them has therefore become an important focus of software engineering research. To conduct sound investigations on test flakiness, it is crucial to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Martin Gruber , Gordon Fraser

Software systems have been continuously evolved and delivered with high quality due to the widespread adoption of automated tests. A recurring issue hurting this scenario is the presence of flaky tests, a test case that may pass or fail…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-24 B. H. P. Camara , M. A. G. Silva , A. T. Endo , S. R. Vergilio

In training their newly-developed malware detection methods, researchers rely on threshold-based labeling strategies that interpret the scan reports provided by online platforms, such as VirusTotal. The dynamicity of this platform renders…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-02 Aleieldin Salem

As mobile application (app) functionalities grow increasingly complex and their iterations accelerate, ensuring high reliability presents significant challenges. While functionality-oriented GUI testing has attracted growing research…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Jinlong He , Changwei Xia , Binru Huang , Jiwei Yan , Jun Yan , Jian Zhang

Flaky tests produce inconsistent outcomes without code changes, creating major challenges for software developers. An industrial case study reported that developers spend 1.28% of their time repairing flaky tests at a monthly cost of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Owain Parry , Gregory Kapfhammer , Michael Hilton , Phil McMinn

Android apps are GUI-based event-driven software and have become ubiquitous in recent years. Obviously, functional correctness is critical for an app's success. However, in addition to crash bugs, non-crashing functional bugs (in short as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-10-06 Ting Su , Yichen Yan , Jue Wang , Jingling Sun , Yiheng Xiong , Geguang Pu , Ke Wang , Zhendong Su

Developers always wish to ensure that their latest changes to the code base do not break existing functionality. If test cases fail, they expect these failures to be connected to the submitted changes. Unfortunately, a flaky test can be the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-09-10 Azeem Ahmad , Ola Leifler , Kristian Sandahl

Background. Automated test execution is an important activity to gather information about the quality of a software project. So-called flaky tests, however, negatively affect this process. Such tests fail seemingly at random without changes…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Alexander Berndt , Zoltán Nochta , Thomas Bach

Background: Test flakiness is a major problem in the software industry. Flaky tests fail seemingly at random without changes to the code and thus impede continuous integration (CI). Some researchers argue that all tests can be considered…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Alexander Berndt , Thomas Bach , Sebastian Baltes

The amount of Android malware has increased greatly during the last few years. Static analysis is widely used in detecting such malware by analyzing the code without execution. The effectiveness of current tools relies on the app model as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-04-11 Mohsin Junaid , Donggang Liu , David Kung

Test flakiness is a problem that affects testing and processes that rely on it. Several factors cause or influence the flakiness of test outcomes. Test execution order, randomness and concurrency are some of the more common and well-studied…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-20 Shawn Rasheed , Jens Dietrich , Amjed Tahir

A flaky test yields inconsistent results upon repetition, posing a significant challenge to software developers. An extensive study of their presence and characteristics has been done in classical computer software but not quantum computer…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Lei Zhang , Andriy Miranskyy

Android applications (apps) grow dramatically in recent years. Apps are user interface (UI) centric typically. Rapid UI responsiveness is key consideration to app developers. However, we still lack a handy tool for profiling app performance…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2015-12-29 Yu Kang , Yangfan Zhou , Hui Xu , Michael R. Lyu

Background. Evidence suggests that mobile applications are not thoroughly tested as their desktop counterparts. In particular GUI testing is generally limited. Like web-based applications, mobile apps suffer from GUI test fragility, i.e.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-11-13 Riccardo Coppola , Maurizio Morisio , Marco Torchiano