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With a new probabilistic technique for sampling interstellar object (ISO) orbits with high efficiency, we assess the observability of ISOs under a realistic cadence for the upcoming Vera Rubin Observatory's Legacy Survey of Space and Time…

The discovery of the first two macroscopic interstellar objects (ISOs) passing through the Solar System has opened entirely new perspectives in planetary science. The exploration of these objects offers a qualitatively new insight into the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-01-24 Dušan Marčeta

Recent observations and detections of interstellar objects (ISOs) passing through the solar system have sparked a wave of interest into these objects. Although rare, these ISOs can be captured into bound orbits around the Sun. In this…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-08-09 Diptajyoti Mukherjee , Amir Siraj , Hy Trac , Abraham Loeb

The determination of the full population of Resident Space Objects (RSOs) in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) is a key issue in the field of space situational awareness that will only increase in importance in the coming years. We endeavour to…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-08-12 Benjamin F. Cooke , James A. Blake , Paul Chote , James McCormac , Don Pollacco

In this paper we calculate the expected orbital elements, radiants, and velocities of Earth-impacting interstellar objects. We generate a synthetic population of $\sim10^{10}$ interstellar objects with M-star kinematics in order to obtain…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-26 Darryl Z. Seligman , Dušan Marčeta , Eloy Peña-Asensio

The recently discovered population of interstellar objects presents us with the opportunity to characterize material from extrasolar planetary and stellar systems up close. The forthcoming Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-02-01 Devin J. Hoover , Darryl Z. Seligman , Matthew J. Payne

The discovery of two interstellar objects passing through the Solar System, 1I/`Oumuamua and 2I/Borisov, implies that a galactic population exists with a spatial number density of order $\sim0.1$ au$^{-3}$. The forthcoming Rubin Observatory…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-10-27 Dušan Marčeta , Darryl Z. Seligman

The upcoming commencement of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory's Legacy Survey of Space of Time (LSST) will greatly enhance the discovery rate of interstellar objects (ISOs). `Oumuamua and Borisov were the first two ISOs confirmed in the Solar…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-12-14 Amir Siraj , Abraham Loeb

The innermost stable cicular orbit (ISCO) of an accretion disc orbiting a neutron star (NS) is often assumed a unique prediction of general relativity. However, it has been argued that ISCO also appears around highly elliptic bodies…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2014-05-08 G. Torok , M. Urbanec , K. Adamek , G. Urbancova

The previous decade saw the discovery of the first four known interstellar objects due to advances in astronomical viewing equipment. Future sky surveys with greater sensitivity will allow for more frequent detections of such objects,…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-28 Carson Ezell , Abraham Loeb

We derived 90% confidence limits (CL) on the interstellar number density ($\rho_{IS}^{CL}$) of interstellar objects (ISO; comets and asteroids) as a function of the slope of their size-frequency distribution and limiting absolute magnitude.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-03-08 Toni Engelhardt , Robert Jedicke , Peter Veres , Alan Fitzsimmons , Larry Denneau , Ed Beshore , Bonnie Meinke

Planetesimals inevitably bear the signatures of their natal environment, preserving in their composition a record of the metallicity of their system's original gas and dust, albeit one altered by the formation process. When planetesimals…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-01-04 Chris Lintott , Michele T. Bannister , J. Ted Mackereth

The Milky Way is thought to host a huge population of interstellar objects (ISOs), numbering approximately $10^{15}\mathrm{pc}^{-3}$ around the Sun, which are formed and shaped by a diverse set of processes ranging from planet formation to…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-11-16 Matthew J. Hopkins , Chris Lintott , Michele T. Bannister , J. Ted Mackereth , John C. Forbes

Interstellar objects (ISOs) are small bodies that can travel through our solar system from other star systems. When present in our solar system, they represent an opportunity to study the properties and origins of these objects, as well as…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-25 Declan Mages , Davide Farnocchia , Benjamin Donitz

Most known trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) gravitationally scattering off the giant planets have orbital inclinations consistent with an origin from the classical Kuiper belt, but a small fraction of these "scattering TNOs" have inclinations…

The longitudes of perihelia and orbital poles of the solar system's dozen or so most remote detected objects are clustered in a manner inconsistent with that of a random sample of uniformly distributed orbits. While small number statistics…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-06-10 Matthew S. Clement , Nathan A. Kaib

The hypothesis that a massive Planet Nine exists in the outer solar system on a distant eccentric orbit was inspired by observations showing that the objects with the most distant eccentric orbits in the Kuiper belt have orbits which are…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-08-02 Michael E. Brown

It is a well-known fact that the presence of a massive perturber interacting with a population of minor bodies following very eccentric orbits can strongly affect the distribution of their nodal distances. The details of this process have…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-08-08 C. de la Fuente Marcos , R. de la Fuente Marcos

Current searches for gravitational waves from compact-binary objects are primarily designed to detect the dominant gravitational-wave mode and assume that the binary components have spins which are aligned with the orbital angular momentum.…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-11-30 Rahul Dhurkunde , Alexander H. Nitz

Interstellar objects (ISOs) represent a compelling and under-explored category of celestial bodies, providing physical laboratories to understand the formation of our solar system and probe the composition and properties of material formed…

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