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Related papers: Layer 2 Atomic Cross-Blockchain Function Calls

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The closed architecture of prevailing blockchain systems renders the usage of this technology mostly infeasible for a wide range of real-world problems. Most blockchains trap users and applications in their isolated space without the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Michael Sober , Giulia Scaffino , Stefan Schulte

This paper proposes a novel multi-layer blockchain architecture for the cross-border trading of CBDCs. The permissioned layer-2, by relying on the public consensus of the underlying network, assures the security and integrity of the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Krzysztof Gogol , Johnnatan Messias , Malte Schlosser , Benjamin Kraner , Claudio Tessone

Many blockchains such as Ethereum execute all incoming transactions sequentially significantly limiting the potential throughput. A common approach to scale execution is parallel execution engines that fully utilize modern multi-core…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Ray Neiheiser , Eleftherios Kokoris-Kogias

An atomic cross-chain swap is a distributed coordination task where multiple parties exchange assets across multiple blockchains, for example, trading bitcoin for ether. An atomic swap protocol guarantees (1) if all parties conform to the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-05-21 Maurice Herlihy

Blockchain technology has set off a wave of decentralization in the world since its birth. The trust system constructed by blockchain technology based on cryptography algorithm and computing power provides a practical and powerful solution…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Pengfei Gao , Dechao Kong , Xiaoqi Li

Despite the success in various scenarios, blockchain systems, especially EVM-compatible ones that serially execute transactions, still face the significant challenge of limited throughput. Concurrent transaction execution is a promising…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-11-18 Haoran Lin , Yajin Zhou , Lei Wu

The transition to post-quantum cryptography in blockchain systems such as Bitcoin and Ethereum is often framed as a purely cryptographic problem. In practice, it also presents significant economic and infrastructural challenges: in globally…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Keir Finlow-Bates , Markus Jakobsson , Hossein Siadati

Sharding is a way to address scalability problem in blockchain technologies. Ethereum, a prominent blockchain technology, has included sharding in its roadmap to increase its throughput. The plan is also to include multiple execution…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-05-19 Raghavendra Ramesh

The state-of-the-art techniques for processing cross-blockchain transactions take a simple centralized approach: when the assets on blockchain $X$, say $X$-coins, are exchanged with the assets on blockchain $Y$---the $Y$-coins, those…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-08-20 Dongfang Zhao

Blockchain technologies are expected to make a significant impact on a variety of industries. However, one issue holding them back is their limited transaction throughput, especially compared to established solutions such as distributed…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-03-06 Christian Gorenflo , Stephen Lee , Lukasz Golab , S. Keshav

Research in blockchain systems has mainly focused on improving security and bridging the performance gaps between blockchains and databases. Despite many promising results, we observe a worrying trend that the blockchain landscape is…

Databases · Computer Science 2019-10-23 Tien Tuan Anh Dinh , Anwitaman Datta , Beng Chin Ooi

Throughput limitations of existing blockchain architectures are one of the most significant hurdles for their wide-spread adoption. Attempts to address this challenge include layer-2 solutions, such as Bitcoin's Lightning or Ethereum's…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-09-13 Alexander Hentschel , Dieter Shirley , Layne Lafrance

As the public Ethereum network surpasses half a billion transactions and enterprise Blockchain systems becoming highly capable of meeting the demands of global deployments, production Blockchain applications are fast becoming commonplace…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-09-24 Evan Brinckman , Andrey Kuehlkamp , Jarek Nabrzyski , Ian J. Taylor

The smart city is an emerging notion that is leveraging the Internet of Things (IoT) technique to achieve more comfortable, smart and controllable cities. The communications crossing domains between smart cities is indispensable to enhance…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Xiangyu Xu , Jianfei Peng

Current blockchain Layer 2 solutions, including Optimism, Arbitrum, zkSync, and their derivatives, optimize for human-initiated financial transactions. Autonomous AI agents instead generate high-frequency, semantically rich service…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Anbang Ruan , Xing Zhang

Decentralized crypto-currencies based on the blockchain architecture under-utilize available network bandwidth, making them unable to scale to thousands of transactions per second. We define the Blockclique architecture, that addresses this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Sébastien Forestier , Damir Vodenicarevic , Adrien Laversanne-Finot

Blockchain offers a decentralized, immutable, transparent system of records. It offers a peer-to-peer network of nodes with no centralised governing entity making it unhackable and therefore, more secure than the traditional paper-based or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-11-27 Harsh Jot Singh , Abdelhakim Senhaji Hafid

This paper presents a dynamic, real-time approach to detecting anomalous blockchain transactions. The proposed tool, BlockGPT, generates tracing representations of blockchain activity and trains from scratch a large language model to act as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Yu Gai , Liyi Zhou , Kaihua Qin , Dawn Song , Arthur Gervais

Layer 2 (L2) protocols, payment channels, sidechains, and rollups, are central to blockchain scalability, enabling off-chain execution while preserving on-chain security. Despite growing deployment, existing security models remain…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Zeta Avarikioti , Matteo Maffei , Yuheng Wang

Ethereum, a leading blockchain platform, has revolutionized the digital economy by enabling decentralized transactions and the execution of smart contracts. Ethereum transactions form the backbone of its network, facilitating peer-to-peer…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Dvir David Biton , Roy Friedman , Yaron Hay