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Porous electrodes composed of multiphase active materials are widely used in Li-ion batteries, but their dynamics are poorly understood. Two-phase models are largely empirical, and no models exist for three or more phases. Using a modified…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2014-02-07 Todd R. Ferguson , Martin Z. Bazant

Accurate monitoring of lithium-ion battery (LIB) degradation is essential, yet it remains challenging due to the complex, nonlinear, and time-varying nature of electrochemical aging processes. Conventional equivalent circuit models (ECMs)…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-05 Khalid Mahmud Labib , Saad Waheed , Bakhtiar Nafis , Shabbir Ahmed

The complex electrochemical behavior of lithium-ion batteries results in non-linear dynamics and appropriate modeling of this non-linear dynamical system is of interest for better management and control. In this work, we proposed a family…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-25 Khalid Mahmud Labib , Shabbir Ahmed

We present a physics-based compact model for two-dimensional (2D) field-effect transistors (FETs) based on monolayer semiconductors such as MoS2. A semi-classical transport approach is appropriate for the 2D channel, enabling simplified…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-08-14 Saurabh V. Suryavanshi , Eric Pop

The rapid pace of replacing fossil fuel propelled transport by electric vehicles is critically dependent on high-performing, high energy density and efficient batteries. Optimal and safe use of existing battery cells and development of…

Nickel/zinc (Ni/Zn) technology is a promising post-lithium battery type for stationary applications with respect to aspects such as safety, environmental compatibility and resource availability. Although this battery type has been known for…

Lithium-ion batteries are used to store energy in electric vehicles. Physical models based on electro-chemistry accurately predict the cell dynamics, in particular the state of charge. However, these models are nonlinear partial…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2017-09-13 Sepideh Afshar , Kirsten Morris , Amir Khajepour

This paper proposes a new equivalent circuit model for rechargeable batteries by modifying a double-capacitor model proposed in [1]. It is known that the original model can address the rate capacity effect and energy recovery effect…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-23 Ning Tian , Huazhen Fang , Jian Chen , Yebin Wang

Growing demand for fast charging and optimised battery designs is fuelling significant interest in electrochemical models of Li-ion batteries. However, estimating parameter values for these models remains a major challenge. In this paper, a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-04 Ross Drummond , Stephen R. Duncan

Li-CO$_2$ batteries are promising energy storage systems due to their high theoretical energy density and CO$_2$ fixation capability, relying on reversible Li$_2$CO$_3$/C formation during discharge/charge cycles. We present a multiscale…

The mathematical modeling and numerical simulation of semiconductor-electrolyte systems play important roles in the design of high-performance semiconductor-liquid junction solar cells. In this work, we propose a macroscopic mathematical…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2015-11-03 Yuan He , Irene M. Gamba , Heung-Chan Lee , Kui Ren

Electrochemical devices often consist of multicomponent electrolyte solutions. Two processes influence the overall dynamics of these devices: the formation of electrical double layers and chemical conversion due to redox reactions. However,…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2022-06-20 Nathan Jarvey , Filipe Henrique , Ankur Gupta

Energy efficient, safe and reliable Li-ion batteries (LIBs) are required for a wide range of applications. Charging capabilities of thick electrodes still holding their stored high-energy is a most desirable characteristic in future…

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) of high energy density and light-weight design, have found wide applications in electronic devices and systems. Degradation mechanisms that caused by lithiation is a main challenging problem for LIBs with high…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2020-06-26 Masoud Ahmadi

The comprehensive description of both the electrical transport along conductive domain walls (CDWs) in lithium niobate (LNO) single crystals and the charge injection at the interfacing metal electrodes, emerged to be a complex challenge.…

We reformulate and extend porous electrode theory for non-ideal active materials, including those capable of phase transformations. Using principles of non-equilibrium thermodynamics, we relate the cell voltage, ionic fluxes, and Faradaic…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2012-08-24 Todd R. Ferguson , Martin Z. Bazant

Rechargeable battery electrodes have highly complex microstructures, consisting of nonuniform electrode particles, tortuous electrolyte channels, and irregular particle-electrolyte interfaces. Moreover, the electrochemical processes involve…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-03-26 Hui-Chia Yu , Bernardo Orvananos , Scott Cronin , Martin Bazant , Scott Barnett , K. Thornton

The correct assessment of battery states is essential to maximize battery pack performances while ensuring reliable and safe operation. This work introduces EIS2MOD, a novel modelling framework for Li-ion cells based on Distribution of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-17 Pietro Iurilli , Claudio Brivio , Rafael E. Carrillo , Vanessa Wood

A major challenge in the development of new battery materials is understanding their fundamental mechanisms of operation and degradation. Their microscopically inhomogeneous nature calls for characterization tools that provide operando and…

Modeling of Li-ion cells is used in battery management systems (BMS) to determine key states such as state-of-charge (SoC), state-of-health (SoH), etc. Accurate models are also useful in developing a cell-level digital-twin that can be used…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-27 Abhijit Kulkarni , Ahsan Nadeem , Roberta Di Fonso , Yusheng Zheng , Remus Teodorescu