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With the advent of general-purpose speech representations from large-scale self-supervised models, applying a single model to multiple downstream tasks is becoming a de-facto approach. However, the pooling problem remains; the length of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Jeongkyun Park , Kwanghee Choi , Hyunjun Heo , Hyung-Min Park

Vector Quantisation (VQ) is experiencing a comeback in machine learning, where it is increasingly used in representation learning. However, optimizing the codevectors in existing VQ-VAE is not entirely trivial. A problem is codebook…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-31 Chuanxia Zheng , Andrea Vedaldi

Learning compact and meaningful latent space representations has been shown to be very useful in generative modeling tasks for visual data. One particular example is applying Vector Quantization (VQ) in variational autoencoders (VQ-VAEs,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Xin Li , Anand Sarwate

This work examines the content and usefulness of disentangled phone and speaker representations from two separately trained VQ-VAE systems: one trained on multilingual data and another trained on monolingual data. We explore the multi- and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-29 Jennifer Williams , Jason Fong , Erica Cooper , Junichi Yamagishi

Recent advancements in neural audio codec (NAC) unlock new potential in audio signal processing. Studies have increasingly explored leveraging the latent features of NAC for various speech signal processing tasks. This paper introduces the…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Yuan Fang , Jinglin Bai , Jiajie Wang , Xueliang Zhang

The audit of financial statements is designed to collect reasonable assurance that an issued statement is free from material misstatement 'true and fair presentation'. International audit standards require the assessment of a statements'…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-07 Marco Schreyer , Timur Sattarov , Anita Gierbl , Bernd Reimer , Damian Borth

Neural audio codecs, leveraging quantization algorithms, have significantly impacted various speech/audio tasks. While high-fidelity reconstruction is paramount for human perception, audio coding for machines (ACoM) prioritizes efficient…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Anastasia Kuznetsova , Inseon Jang , Wootaek Lim , Minje Kim

Recent advancements in neural audio codecs have not only enabled superior audio compression but also enhanced speech synthesis techniques. Researchers are now exploring their potential as universal acoustic feature extractors for a broader…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-21 Wei-Cheng Tseng , David Harwath

Word vector representations are a crucial part of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Human Computer Interaction. In this paper, we propose a novel word vector representation, Confusion2Vec, motivated from the human speech production and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-01 Prashanth Gurunath Shivakumar , Panayiotis Georgiou

Vector Quantized Variational AutoEncoders (VQ-VAEs) are designed to compress a continuous input to a discrete latent space and reconstruct it with minimal distortion. They operate by maintaining a set of vectors -- often referred to as the…

Unsupervised Zero-Shot Voice Conversion (VC) aims to modify the speaker characteristic of an utterance to match an unseen target speaker without relying on parallel training data. Recently, self-supervised learning of speech representation…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-02-14 Trung Dang , Dung Tran , Peter Chin , Kazuhito Koishida

Acoustic-to-Word recognition provides a straightforward solution to end-to-end speech recognition without needing external decoding, language model re-scoring or lexicon. While character-based models offer a natural solution to the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-08-22 Shruti Palaskar , Florian Metze

Deep learning has brought significant improvements to the field of cross-modal representation learning. For tasks such as text-to-speech (TTS), voice conversion (VC), and automatic speech recognition (ASR), a cross-modal fine-grained…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-29 Chunyu Qiang , Wang Geng , Yi Zhao , Ruibo Fu , Tao Wang , Cheng Gong , Tianrui Wang , Qiuyu Liu , Jiangyan Yi , Zhengqi Wen , Chen Zhang , Hao Che , Longbiao Wang , Jianwu Dang , Jianhua Tao

With the development of deep learning, neural network-based speech enhancement (SE) models have shown excellent performance. Meanwhile, it was shown that the development of self-supervised pre-trained models can be applied to various…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-29 Xiao-Ying Zhao , Qiu-Shi Zhu , Jie Zhang

Zero-shot voice conversion is a technique that alters the speaker identity of an input speech to match a target speaker using only a single reference utterance, without requiring additional training. Recent approaches extensively utilize…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Youngjun Sim , Jinsung Yoon , Wooyeol Jeong , Young-Joo Suh

Deep learning-based semantic communication has largely relied on analog or semi-digital transmission, which limits compatibility with modern digital communication infrastructures. Recent studies have employed vector quantization (VQ) to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-22 Zian Meng , Qiang Li , Wenqian Tang , Mingdie Yan , Xiaohu Ge

Vector quantization is a technique in machine learning that discretizes continuous representations into a set of discrete vectors. It is widely employed in tokenizing data representations for large language models, diffusion models, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Wenhao Zhao , Qiran Zou , Rushi Shah , Dianbo Liu

In this work, we present a new Vector Space Model (VSM) of speech utterances for the task of spoken dialect identification. Generally, DID systems are built using two sets of features that are extracted from speech utterances; acoustic and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-09-20 Sameer Khurana , Ahmed Ali , Steve Renals

Comparing spoken segments is a central operation to speech processing. Traditional approaches in this area have favored frame-level dynamic programming algorithms, such as dynamic time warping, because they require no supervision, but they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Shane Settle

Speaker Identification process is to identify a particular vocal cord from a set of existing speakers. In the speaker identification processes, unknown speaker voice sample targets each of the existing speakers present in the system and…

Sound · Computer Science 2017-04-14 Soumen Kanrar
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