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Cardinality estimation is a fundamental task in database systems and plays a critical role in query optimization. Despite significant advances in learning-based cardinality estimation methods, most existing approaches remain difficult to…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Xianghong Xu , Rong Kang , Xiao He , Lei Zhang , Jianjun Chen , Tieying Zhang

Cardinality estimation (CE) plays a crucial role in many database-related tasks such as query generation, cost estimation, and join ordering. Lately, we have witnessed the emergence of numerous learned CE models. However, no single CE model…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Jintao Zhang , Chao Zhang , Guoliang Li , Chengliang Chai

Many techniques have been developed for the cardinality estimation problem in data management systems. In this document, we introduce a framework for cardinality estimation of query patterns over property graph databases, which makes it…

Databases · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Wilco van Leeuwen , George Fletcher , Nikolay Yakovets

The containment rate of query Q1 in query Q2 over database D is the percentage of Q1's result tuples over D that are also in Q2's result over D. We directly estimate containment rates between pairs of queries over a specific database. For…

Databases · Computer Science 2019-08-22 Rojeh Hayek , Oded Shmueli

Database Management Systems (DBMSs) process a given query by creating a query plan, which is subsequently executed, to compute the query's result. Deriving an efficient query plan is challenging, and both academia and industry have invested…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-11 Jinsheng Ba , Manuel Rigger

Deep Learning (DL) has achieved great success in many real applications. Despite its success, there are some main problems when deploying advanced DL models in database systems, such as hyper-parameters tuning, the risk of overfitting, and…

Databases · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Kangfei Zhao , Jeffrey Xu Yu , Zongyan He , Hao Zhang

Cardinality Estimation over Knowledge Graphs (KG) is crucial for query optimization, yet remains a challenging task due to the semi-structured nature and complex correlations of typical Knowledge Graphs. In this work, we propose GNCE, a…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Tim Schwabe , Maribel Acosta

Cardinality estimation (CardEst) is essential for optimizing query execution plans. Recent ML-based CardEst methods achieve high accuracy but face deployment challenges due to high preparation costs and lack of transferability across…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Tianjing Zeng , Junwei Lan , Jiahong Ma , Wenqing Wei , Rong Zhu , Pengfei Li , Bolin Ding , Defu Lian , Zhewei Wei , Jingren Zhou

Cardinality estimation is a critical component and a longstanding challenge in modern data warehouses. ByteHouse, ByteDance's cloud-native engine for extensive data analysis in exabyte-scale environments, serves numerous internal…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Yuxing Han , Haoyu Wang , Lixiang Chen , Yifeng Dong , Xing Chen , Benquan Yu , Chengcheng Yang , Weining Qian

Most query optimizers rely on cardinality estimates to determine optimal execution plans. While traditional databases such as PostgreSQL, Oracle, and Db2 utilize many types of synopses -- including histograms, samples, and sketches --…

Databases · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Asoke Datta , Brian Tsan , Yesdaulet Izenov , Florin Rusu

Cardinality estimation algorithms receive a stream of elements, with possible repetitions, and return the number of distinct elements in the stream. Such algorithms seek to minimize the required memory and CPU resource consumption at the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-03-15 Reuven Cohen , Yuval Nezri

Estimating the cardinality of the output of a query is a fundamental problem in database query processing. In this article, we overview a recently published contribution that casts the cardinality estimation problem as linear optimization…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Mahmoud Abo Khamis , Vasileios Nakos , Dan Olteanu , Dan Suciu

In recent years, machine learning-based cardinality estimation methods are replacing traditional methods. This change is expected to contribute to one of the most important applications of cardinality estimation, the query optimizer, to…

Databases · Computer Science 2023-04-03 Ryuichi Ito , Yuya Sasaki , Chuan Xiao , Makoto Onizuka

Query optimizer is at the heart of the database systems. Cost-based optimizer studied in this paper is adopted in almost all current database systems. A cost-based optimizer introduces a plan enumeration algorithm to find a (sub)plan, and…

Databases · Computer Science 2021-01-06 Hai Lan , Zhifeng Bao , Yuwei Peng

Cardinality estimation has long been grounded in statistical tools for density estimation. To capture the rich multivariate distributions of relational tables, we propose the use of a new type of high-capacity statistical model: deep…

Traditional query optimization relies on cost-based optimizers that estimate execution cost (e.g., runtime, memory, and I/O) using predefined heuristics and statistical models. Improving these heuristics requires substantial engineering…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Mehmet Hamza Erol , Xiangpeng Hao , Federico Bianchi , Ciro Greco , Jacopo Tagliabue , James Zou

Recent work has demonstrated the catastrophic effects of poor cardinality estimates on query processing time. In particular, underestimating query cardinality can result in overly optimistic query plans which take orders of magnitude longer…

Databases · Computer Science 2022-03-31 Kyle Deeds , Dan Suciu , Magda Balazinska , Walter Cai

Alignment techniques for LLMs rely on optimizing preference-based objectives -- where these preferences are typically elicited as ordinal, binary choices between responses. Recent work has focused on improving label quality or mitigating…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Parker Whitfill , Stewy Slocum

Recent work has reemphasized the importance of cardinality estimates for query optimization. While new techniques have continuously improved in accuracy over time, they still generally allow for under-estimates which often lead optimizers…

Databases · Computer Science 2022-11-21 Kyle Deeds , Dan Suciu , Magda Balazinska

Unreliable cardinality estimation remains a critical performance bottleneck in database management systems (DBMSs). Adaptive Query Processing (AQP) strategies address this limitation by providing a more robust query execution mechanism.…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Pei Mu , Anderson Chaves Carniel , Antonio Barbalace , Amir Shaikhha