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Although BERT is widely used by the NLP community, little is known about its inner workings. Several attempts have been made to shed light on certain aspects of BERT, often with contradicting conclusions. A much raised concern focuses on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Nikolaos Manginas , Ilias Chalkidis , Prodromos Malakasiotis

Protecting privileged communications and data from inadvertent disclosure is a paramount task in the US legal practice. Traditionally counsels rely on keyword searching and manual review to identify privileged documents in cases. As data…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-12-17 Haozhen Zhao , Shi Ye , Jingchao Yang

The content on the web is in a constant state of flux. New entities, issues, and ideas continuously emerge, while the semantics of the existing conversation topics gradually shift. In recent years, pre-trained language models like BERT…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-14 Spurthi Amba Hombaiah , Tao Chen , Mingyang Zhang , Michael Bendersky , Marc Najork

Query understanding plays a key role in exploring users' search intents and facilitating users to locate their most desired information. However, it is inherently challenging since it needs to capture semantic information from short and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-11-20 Juanhui Li , Yao Ma , Wei Zeng , Suqi Cheng , Jiliang Tang , Shuaiqiang Wang , Dawei Yin

Much progress has been made recently on text classification with methods based on neural networks. In particular, models using attention mechanism such as BERT have shown to have the capability of capturing the contextual information within…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-14 Zhibin Lu , Pan Du , Jian-Yun Nie

Causal language modeling (LM) uses word history to predict the next word. BERT, on the other hand, makes use of bi-directional word information in a sentence to predict words at masked positions. While BERT is effective in sequence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Zecheng Wang , Yik-Cheung Tam

Most approaches for similar text retrieval and ranking with long natural language queries rely at some level on queries and responses having words in common with each other. Recent applications of transformer-based neural language models to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-05-22 Javed Qadrud-Din , Ashraf Bah Rabiou , Ryan Walker , Ravi Soni , Martin Gajek , Gabriel Pack , Akhil Rangaraj

Large, pretrained language models infer powerful representations that encode rich semantic and syntactic content, albeit implicitly. In this work we introduce a novel neural language model that enforces, via inductive biases, explicit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Ramsés J. Sánchez , Lukas Conrads , Pascal Welke , Kostadin Cvejoski , César Ojeda

As an essential task for the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry, information retrieval (IR) from unstructured textual data based on natural language processing (NLP) is gaining increasing attention. Although various…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Zhe Zheng , Xin-Zheng Lu , Ke-Yin Chen , Yu-Cheng Zhou , Jia-Rui Lin

More recently, Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) was proposed and has achieved impressive success on many natural language processing (NLP) tasks such as question answering and language understanding, due mainly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Shih-Hsuan Chiu , Berlin Chen

Recent works have demonstrated that multilingual BERT (mBERT) learns rich cross-lingual representations, that allow for transfer across languages. We study the word-level translation information embedded in mBERT and present two simple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-19 Hila Gonen , Shauli Ravfogel , Yanai Elazar , Yoav Goldberg

Pre-trained models such as BERT are widely used in NLP tasks and are fine-tuned to improve the performance of various NLP tasks consistently. Nevertheless, the fine-tuned BERT model trained on our protocol corpus still has a weak…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-04 Shoubin Li , Wenzao Cui , Yujiang Liu , Xuran Ming , Jun Hu , YuanzheHu , Qing Wang

How and to what extent does BERT encode syntactically-sensitive hierarchical information or positionally-sensitive linear information? Recent work has shown that contextual representations like BERT perform well on tasks that require…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-06 Yongjie Lin , Yi Chern Tan , Robert Frank

We present simple BERT-based models for relation extraction and semantic role labeling. In recent years, state-of-the-art performance has been achieved using neural models by incorporating lexical and syntactic features such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-11 Peng Shi , Jimmy Lin

Recent advancements in language models and pre-trained language models like BERT and RoBERTa have revolutionized natural language processing, enabling a deeper understanding of human-like language. In this paper, we explore enhancing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Ngoc Luyen Le , Marie-Hélène Abel

Transformer-based language models trained on large text corpora have enjoyed immense popularity in the natural language processing community and are commonly used as a starting point for downstream tasks. While these models are undeniably…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-17 Vinitra Swamy , Angelika Romanou , Martin Jaggi

Text classification algorithms investigate the intricate relationships between words or phrases and attempt to deduce the document's interpretation. In the last few years, these algorithms have progressed tremendously. Transformer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Snehal Khandve , Vedangi Wagh , Apurva Wani , Isha Joshi , Raviraj Joshi

Exploiting large pretrained models for various NMT tasks have gained a lot of visibility recently. In this work we study how BERT pretrained models could be exploited for supervised Neural Machine Translation. We compare various ways to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-30 Stéphane Clinchant , Kweon Woo Jung , Vassilina Nikoulina

Language model pre-training, such as BERT, has achieved remarkable results in many NLP tasks. However, it is unclear why the pre-training-then-fine-tuning paradigm can improve performance and generalization capability across different…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-16 Yaru Hao , Li Dong , Furu Wei , Ke Xu

Although remarkable progress on the neural table-to-text methods has been made, the generalization issues hinder the applicability of these models due to the limited source tables. Large-scale pretrained language models sound like a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-06 Miao Chen , Xinjiang Lu , Tong Xu , Yanyan Li , Jingbo Zhou , Dejing Dou , Hui Xiong