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We present polynomial-augmented neural networks (PANNs), a novel machine learning architecture that combines deep neural networks (DNNs) with a polynomial approximant. PANNs combine the strengths of DNNs (flexibility and efficiency in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Madison Cooley , Shandian Zhe , Robert M. Kirby , Varun Shankar

In this paper we consider Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) with a smooth activation function as surrogates for high-dimensional functions that are somewhat smooth but costly to evaluate. We consider the standard (non-periodic) DNNs as well as…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-04 Alexander Keller , Frances Y. Kuo , Dirk Nuyens , Ian H. Sloan

Partial differential equations often contain unknown functions that are difficult or impossible to measure directly, hampering our ability to derive predictions from the model. Workflows for recovering scalar PDE parameters from data are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Torkel E. Loman , Yurij Salmaniw , Antonio Leon Villares , Jose A. Carrillo , Ruth E. Baker

Deep neural networks can empirically perform efficient hierarchical learning, in which the layers learn useful representations of the data. However, how they make use of the intermediate representations are not explained by recent theories…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-08 Minshuo Chen , Yu Bai , Jason D. Lee , Tuo Zhao , Huan Wang , Caiming Xiong , Richard Socher

Deep learning-based methods have shown remarkable effectiveness in solving PDEs, largely due to their ability to enable fast simulations once trained. However, despite the availability of high-performance computing infrastructure, many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Pietro Sittoni , Emanuele Zangrando , Angelo A. Casulli , Nicola Guglielmi , Francesco Tudisco

This work proposes an autoencoder neural network as a non-linear generalization of projection-based methods for solving Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). The proposed deep learning architecture presented is capable of generating the…

Computational Physics · Physics 2020-06-25 Jaime Lopez Garcia , Angel Rivero Jimenez

Many scientific and industrial applications require solving Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) to describe the physical phenomena of interest. Some examples can be found in the fields of aerodynamics, astrodynamics, combustion and many…

Computational Physics · Physics 2019-12-11 Juan B. Pedro , Juan Maroñas , Roberto Paredes

The conjoining of dynamical systems and deep learning has become a topic of great interest. In particular, neural differential equations (NDEs) demonstrate that neural networks and differential equation are two sides of the same coin.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Patrick Kidger

Traditional physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) do not always satisfy physics based constraints, especially when the constraints include differential operators. Rather, they minimize the constraint violations in a soft way. Strict…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Rahul Golder , Bimol Nath Roy , M. M. Faruque Hasan

The empirical success of deep learning is often attributed to deep networks' ability to exploit hierarchical structure in data, constructing increasingly complex features across layers. Yet despite substantial progress in deep learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Yunwei Ren , Yatin Dandi , Florent Krzakala , Jason D. Lee

Relu Fully Connected Networks are ubiquitous but uninterpretable because they fit piecewise linear functions emerging from multi-layered structures and complex interactions of model weights. This paper takes a novel approach to piecewise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Jasdeep Singh Grover , Harsh Minesh Domadia , Raj Anant Tapase , Grishma Sharma

Despite the promise of scientific machine learning (SciML) in combining data-driven techniques with mechanistic modeling, existing approaches for incorporating hard constraints in neural differential equations (NDEs) face significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Avik Pal , Alan Edelman , Christopher Rackauckas

We develop compositional learning algorithms for coupled dynamical systems, with a particular focus on electrical networks. While deep learning has proven effective at modeling complex relationships from data, compositional couplings…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Cyrus Neary , Nathan Tsao , Ufuk Topcu

We study the approximation of multivariate functions with tensor networks (TNs), providing some answers to the following two questions: ``what are the approximation capabilities of TNs for functions from classical smoothness classes?'' and…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2025-12-23 Mazen Ali , Anthony Nouy

Providing fast and accurate solutions to partial differential equations is a problem of continuous interest to the fields of applied mathematics and physics. With the recent advances in machine learning, the adoption learning techniques in…

Computational Physics · Physics 2019-04-16 S. Mohammad H. Hashemi , Demetri Psaltis

Machine learning methods for solving nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) are hot topical issues, and different algorithms proposed in the literature show efficient numerical approximation in high dimension. In this paper, we…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-01-05 Maximilien Germain , Mathieu Laurière , Huyên Pham , Xavier Warin

In exchange for large quantities of data and processing power, deep neural networks have yielded models that provide state of the art predication capabilities in many fields. However, a lack of strong guarantees on their behaviour have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-22 Haakon Robinson , Adil Rasheed , Omer San

Fractional Differential Equations (FDEs) are essential tools for modelling complex systems in science and engineering. They extend the traditional concepts of differentiation and integration to non-integer orders, enabling a more precise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-27 C. Coelho , M. Fernanda P. Costa , L. L. Ferrás

Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNNs) are currently the method of choice both for generative, as well as for discriminative learning in computer vision and machine learning. The success of DCNNs can be attributed to the careful…

We study approximation and statistical learning properties of deep ReLU networks under structural assumptions that mitigate the curse of dimensionality. We prove minimax-optimal uniform approximation rates for $s$-H\"older smooth functions…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-02-06 Thomas Nagler , Sophie Langer