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Capability ontologies are increasingly used to model functionalities of systems or machines. The creation of such ontological models with all properties and constraints of capabilities is very complex and can only be done by ontology…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Luis Miguel Vieira da Silva , Aljosha Köcher , Felix Gehlhoff , Alexander Fay

The increasing adoption of large language models (LLMs) has raised serious concerns about their reliability and trustworthiness. As a result, a growing body of research focuses on evidence-based text generation with LLMs, aiming to link…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Tobias Schreieder , Tim Schopf , Michael Färber

We investigate the problem of generating common randomness (CR) from finite compound sources aided by unidirectional communication over rate-limited perfect channels. The two communicating parties, often referred to as terminals, observe…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-26 Rami Ezzine , Moritz Wiese , Christian Deppe , Holger Boche

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionised the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and have achieved state-of-the-art performance in practically every task in this field. However, the prevalent approach used in text generation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Nicolo Micheletti , Samuel Belkadi , Lifeng Han , Goran Nenadic

In this paper, a new method for generation of infinite series of symmetric identities written for exponential sums in real numbers is proposed. Such systems have numerous applications in theory of numbers, chaos theory, algorithmic…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2011-03-11 Yaroslav D. Sergeyev

Automated unit test generation is critical for software quality but traditional structure-driven methods often lack the semantic understanding required to produce realistic inputs and oracles. Large language models (LLMs) address this…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Bei Chu , Yang Feng , Kui Liu , Zhaoqiang Guo , Yichi Zhang , Hange Shi , Zifan Nan , Baowen Xu

Several interesting generative learning algorithms involve a complex probability distribution over many random variables, involving intractable normalization constants or latent variable normalization. Some of them may even not have an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-05-13 Yoshua Bengio , Li Yao , Kyunghyun Cho

Random numbers play a crucial role in science and industry. Many numerical methods require the use of random numbers, in particular the Monte Carlo method. Therefore it is of paramount importance to have efficient random number generators.…

Computational Physics · Physics 2010-05-25 Helmut G. Katzgraber

Sentence embedding is essential for many NLP tasks, with contrastive learning methods achieving strong performance using annotated datasets like NLI. Yet, the reliance on manual labels limits scalability. Recent studies leverage large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Liyang He , Chenglong Liu , Rui Li , Zhenya Huang , Shulan Ruan , Jun Zhou , Enhong Chen

We develop an approach to estimate the probability that a program sampled from a large language model is correct. Given a natural language description of a programming problem, our method samples both candidate programs as well as candidate…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Darren Key , Wen-Ding Li , Kevin Ellis

Unbiased random vectors i.e. distributed uniformly in n-dimensional space, are widely applied and the computational cost of generating a vector increases only linearly with n. On the other hand, generating uniformly distributed random…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-04-05 Arun I. , Murugesan Venkatapathi

Many Random Number Generators (RNG) are available nowadays; they are divided in two categories, hardware RNG, that provide "true" random numbers, and algorithmic RNG, that generate pseudo random numbers (PRNG). Both types usually generate…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-09-28 Andrea C. G. Mennucci

Concept generation is a creative step in the conceptual design phase, where designers often turn to brainstorming, mindmapping, or crowdsourcing design ideas to complement their own knowledge of the domain. Recent advances in natural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Kevin Ma , Daniele Grandi , Christopher McComb , Kosa Goucher-Lambert

We study random words in a weighted regular language that achieve the maximal free energy using thermodynamics formalism. In particular, typical words in the language are algorithmically generated which have applications in computer…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-11-27 Cewei Cui , Zhe Dang

Despite their growing capabilities, language models still frequently reproduce content from their training data, generate repetitive text, and favor common grammatical patterns and vocabulary. A possible cause is the decoding strategy: the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Giorgio Franceschelli , Mirco Musolesi

Many complex generative systems use languages to create structured objects. We consider a model of random languages, defined by weighted context-free grammars. As the distribution of grammar weights broadens, a transition is found from a…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2019-04-03 E. DeGiuli

The number of sampling methods could be daunting for a practitioner looking to cast powerful machine learning methods to their specific problem. This paper takes a theoretical stance to review and organize many sampling approaches in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Vivien Cabannes , Charles Arnal

Multi-label classification is an important yet challenging task in natural language processing. It is more complex than single-label classification in that the labels tend to be correlated. Existing methods tend to ignore the correlations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-06-18 Pengcheng Yang , Xu Sun , Wei Li , Shuming Ma , Wei Wu , Houfeng Wang

Open-domain generative systems have gained significant attention in the field of conversational AI (e.g., generative search engines). This paper presents a comprehensive review of the attribution mechanisms employed by these systems,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Dongfang Li , Zetian Sun , Xinshuo Hu , Zhenyu Liu , Ziyang Chen , Baotian Hu , Aiguo Wu , Min Zhang

Recent exact analytical results developed for the random number generators with taps are reported. These results are applicable to a wide class of algorithms, including random walks, cluster algorithms, Ising models. Practical…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2009-11-07 Lev N. Shchur