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In this paper, we introduce a threshold-based framework for multiclass classification that generalizes the standard argmax rule. This is done by replacing the probabilistic interpretation of softmax outputs with a geometric one on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Francesco Marchetti , Edoardo Legnaro , Sabrina Guastavino

In this paper, we propose an online convex optimization approach with two different levels of adaptivity. On a higher level, our approach is agnostic to the unknown types and curvatures of the online functions, while at a lower level, it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Yu-Hu Yan , Peng Zhao , Zhi-Hua Zhou

The balanced loss is a widely adopted objective for multi-class classification under class imbalance. By assigning equal importance to all classes, regardless of their frequency, it promotes fairness and ensures that minority classes are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Corinna Cortes , Mehryar Mohri , Yutao Zhong

We present an extensive analysis of relative deviation bounds, including detailed proofs of two-sided inequalities and their implications. We also give detailed proofs of two-sided generalization bounds that hold in the general case of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-04-06 Corinna Cortes , Spencer Greenberg , Mehryar Mohri

Many loss functions have been derived from cross-entropy loss functions such as large-margin softmax loss and focal loss. The large-margin softmax loss makes the classification more rigorous and prevents overfitting. The focal loss…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Jiajie Chen

Machine learning is about forecasting. When the forecasts come with an evaluation metric the forecasts become useful. What are reasonable evaluation metrics? How do existing evaluation metrics relate? In this work, we provide a general…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Rabanus Derr , Robert C. Williamson

In this work we study loss functions for learning and evaluating probability distributions over large discrete domains. Unlike classification or regression where a wide variety of loss functions are used, in the distribution learning and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-05 Nika Haghtalab , Cameron Musco , Bo Waggoner

We consider the setting of prediction with expert advice; a learner makes predictions by aggregating those of a group of experts. Under this setting, and for the right choice of loss function and "mixing" algorithm, it is possible for the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-01 Zakaria Mhammedi , Robert C. Williamson

Due to the drastic gap in complexity between sequential and batch statistical learning, recent work has studied a smoothed sequential learning setting, where Nature is constrained to select contexts with density bounded by 1/{\sigma} with…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-05-27 Adam Block , Max Simchowitz

We study the problem of making predictions of an adversarially chosen high-dimensional state that are unbiased subject to an arbitrary collection of conditioning events, with the goal of tailoring these events to downstream decision makers.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Georgy Noarov , Ramya Ramalingam , Aaron Roth , Stephan Xie

In this paper, we study adaptive online convex optimization, and aim to design a universal algorithm that achieves optimal regret bounds for multiple common types of loss functions. Existing universal methods are limited in the sense that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-16 Guanghui Wang , Shiyin Lu , Lijun Zhang

We build a theoretical framework for designing and understanding practical meta-learning methods that integrates sophisticated formalizations of task-similarity with the extensive literature on online convex optimization and sequential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-10 Mikhail Khodak , Maria-Florina Balcan , Ameet Talwalkar

This paper presents a comprehensive review of loss functions and performance metrics in deep learning, highlighting key developments and practical insights across diverse application areas. We begin by outlining fundamental considerations…

A problem of bounding the generalization error of a classifier f in H, where H is a "base" class of functions (classifiers), is considered. This problem frequently occurs in computer learning, where efficient algorithms of combining simple…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-06-13 Vladimir Koltchinskii , Dmitry Panchenko , Fernando Lozano

In this paper, we study data-dependent generalization error bounds exhibiting a mild dependency on the number of classes, making them suitable for multi-class learning with a large number of label classes. The bounds generally hold for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-01-01 Yunwen Lei , Urun Dogan , Ding-Xuan Zhou , Marius Kloft

Class-imbalanced node classification tasks are prevalent in real-world scenarios. Due to the uneven distribution of nodes across different classes, learning high-quality node representations remains a challenging endeavor. The engineering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Xinyu Guo , Kai Wu , Xiaoyu Zhang , Jing Liu

In multi-label classification, where the evaluation of predictions is less straightforward than in single-label classification, various meaningful, though different, loss functions have been proposed. Ideally, the learning algorithm should…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-25 Michael Rapp , Eneldo Loza Mencía , Johannes Fürnkranz , Vu-Linh Nguyen , Eyke Hüllermeier

Developing classification methods with high accuracy that also avoid unfair treatment of different groups has become increasingly important for data-driven decision making in social applications. Many existing methods enforce fairness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-15 Ashkan Rezaei , Rizal Fathony , Omid Memarrast , Brian Ziebart

In this work, we introduce the {\em average top-$k$} (\atk) loss as a new aggregate loss for supervised learning, which is the average over the $k$ largest individual losses over a training dataset. We show that the \atk loss is a natural…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-12-21 Yanbo Fan , Siwei Lyu , Yiming Ying , Bao-Gang Hu

The framework of online learning with memory naturally captures learning problems with temporal constraints, and was previously studied for the experts setting. In this work we extend the notion of learning with memory to the general Online…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-06-11 Oren Anava , Elad Hazan , Shie Mannor