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Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) claim to present many advantages in terms of biological plausibility and energy efficiency compared to standard Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). Recent works have shown that DNNs are vulnerable to adversarial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Alberto Marchisio , Giorgio Nanfa , Faiq Khalid , Muhammad Abdullah Hanif , Maurizio Martina , Muhammad Shafique

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across various tasks, including image and speech recognition. However, maximizing the effectiveness of DNNs requires meticulous optimization of numerous hyperparameters…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Gorka Abad , Oguzhan Ersoy , Stjepan Picek , Aitor Urbieta

Spiking Neural Networks (SNN) are quickly gaining traction as a viable alternative to Deep Neural Networks (DNN). In comparison to DNNs, SNNs are more computationally powerful and provide superior energy efficiency. SNNs, while exciting at…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Karthikeyan Nagarajan , Junde Li , Sina Sayyah Ensan , Mohammad Nasim Imtiaz Khan , Sachhidh Kannan , Swaroop Ghosh

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), the third generation neural networks, are known for their low energy consumption and high robustness. SNNs are developing rapidly and can compete with Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in many fields. To…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Lingxin Jin , Meiyu Lin , Wei Jiang , Jinyu Zhan

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are energy-efficient counterparts of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) with high biological plausibility, as information is transmitted through temporal spiking patterns. The core element of an SNN is the spiking…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Abdullah Arafat Miah , Kevin Vu , Yu Bi

Deep Learning (DL) algorithms have gained popularity owing to their practical problem-solving capacity. However, they suffer from a serious integrity threat, i.e., their vulnerability to adversarial attacks. In the quest for DL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-11 Rida El-Allami , Alberto Marchisio , Muhammad Shafique , Ihsen Alouani

As spiking neural networks (SNNs) are deployed increasingly in real-world efficiency critical applications, the security concerns in SNNs attract more attention. Currently, researchers have already demonstrated an SNN can be attacked with…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-05-04 Ling Liang , Kaidi Xu , Xing Hu , Lei Deng , Yuan Xie

Spiking neural network (SNN) is interesting due to its strong bio-plausibility and high energy efficiency. However, its performance is falling far behind conventional deep neural networks (DNNs). In this paper, considering a general class…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-16 Shibo Zhou , Xiaohua Li

While security vulnerabilities in traditional Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have been extensively studied, the susceptibility of Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) to adversarial attacks remains mostly underexplored. Until now, the mechanisms to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Roberto Riaño , Gorka Abad , Stjepan Picek , Aitor Urbieta

This paper investigates the vulnerability of spiking neural networks (SNNs) and federated learning (FL) to backdoor attacks using neuromorphic data. Despite the efficiency of SNNs and the privacy advantages of FL, particularly in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Gorka Abad , Stjepan Picek , Aitor Urbieta

With the mainstream integration of machine learning into security-sensitive domains such as healthcare and finance, concerns about data privacy have intensified. Conventional artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been found vulnerable to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Hamed Poursiami , Ihsen Alouani , Maryam Parsa

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) aim at providing energy-efficient learning capabilities when implemented on neuromorphic chips with event-based Dynamic Vision Sensors (DVS). This paper studies the robustness of SNNs against adversarial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Alberto Marchisio , Giacomo Pira , Maurizio Martina , Guido Masera , Muhammad Shafique

The surge in interest in Artificial Intelligence (AI) over the past decade has been driven almost exclusively by advances in Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). While ANNs set state-of-the-art performance for many previously intractable…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-09-02 Peter G. Stratton , Andrew Wabnitz , Chip Essam , Allen Cheung , Tara J. Hamilton

As Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) gain traction across various applications, understanding their security vulnerabilities becomes increasingly important. In this work, we focus on the adversarial attacks, which is perhaps the most…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Spyridon Raptis , Haralampos-G. Stratigopoulos

Neuromorphic computing based on spiking neural networks (SNNs) is emerging as a promising alternative to traditional artificial neural networks (ANNs), offering unique advantages in terms of low power consumption. However, the security…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Spyridon Raptis , Paul Kling , Ioannis Kaskampas , Ihsen Alouani , Haralampos-G. Stratigopoulos

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), providing more realistic neuronal dynamics, have been shown to achieve performance comparable to Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in several machine learning tasks. Information is processed as spikes within…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Jiaqi Lin , Sen Lu , Malyaban Bal , Abhronil Sengupta

Recently, backpropagation through time inspired learning algorithms are widely introduced into SNNs to improve the performance, which brings the possibility to attack the models accurately given Spatio-temporal gradient maps. We propose two…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-10-02 Ling Liang , Xing Hu , Lei Deng , Yujie Wu , Guoqi Li , Yufei Ding , Peng Li , Yuan Xie

Emergence of deep neural networks (DNNs) has raised enormous attention towards artificial neural networks (ANNs) once again. They have become the state-of-the-art models and have won different machine learning challenges. Although these…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Shahriar Rezghi Shirsavar , Abdol-Hossein Vahabie , Mohammad-Reza A. Dehaqani

Deep learning is widely applied to modern problems through neural networks, but the growing computational and energy demands of these models have driven interest in more efficient approaches. Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), the third…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Mahitha Pulivathi , Ana Fontes Rodrigues , Isibor Kennedy Ihianle , Andreas Oikonomou , Srinivas Boppu , Pedro Machado

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) aim to bridge the gap between neuroscience and machine learning by emulating the structure of the human nervous system. However, like convolutional neural networks, SNNs are vulnerable to adversarial attacks.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Weiran Chen , Qi Xu
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