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The probability of default (PD) estimation is an important process for financial institutions. The difficulty of the estimation depends on the correlations between borrowers. In this paper, we introduce a hierarchical Bayesian estimation…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2020-05-19 Masato Hisakado , Shintaro Mori

The risk of a credit portfolio depends crucially on correlations between the probability of default (PD) in different economic sectors. Often, PD correlations have to be estimated from relatively short time series of default rates, and the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2008-12-02 Bernd Rosenow , Rafael Weissbach , Frank Altrock

This study considers the Merton model with temporal correlation. We show the Merton model becomes Poisson process with the log-normal distributed intensity function in the limit. We discuss the relation between this model and Hawkes…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2025-05-21 Masato Hisakado , Shintaro Mori

While defaults are rare events, losses can be substantial even for credit portfolios with a large number of contracts. Therefore, not only a good evaluation of the probability of default is crucial, but also the severity of losses needs to…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2012-03-15 Alexander Becker , Alexander F. R. Koivusalo , Rudi Schäfer

Risk management is an important practice in the banking industry. In this paper we develop a new methodology to estimate and predict the probability of default (PD) based on the rating transition matrices, which relates the rating…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2018-03-28 Jinghai Shao , Siming Li , Yong Li

Evaluation of default correlation is an important task in credit risk analysis. In many practical situations, it concerns the joint defaults of several correlated firms, the task that is reducible to a first passage time (FPT) problem. This…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Di Zhang , Roderick V. N. Melnik

We present two methodologies on the estimation of rating transition probabilities within Markov and non-Markov frameworks. We first estimate a continuous-time Markov chain using discrete (missing) data and derive a simpler expression for…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2020-02-04 Marius Pfeuffer , Goncalo dos Reis , Greig smith

We review recent progress in modeling credit risk for correlated assets. We start from the Merton model which default events and losses are derived from the asset values at maturity. To estimate the time development of the asset values, the…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2018-03-02 Andreas Mühlbacher , Thomas Guhr

We present the qGaussian generalization of the Merton framework, which takes into account slow fluctuations of the volatility of the firms market value of financial assets. The minimal version of the model depends on the Tsallis entropic…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2014-10-28 Yuri A. Katz

If the probability of default parameters (PDs) fed as input into a credit portfolio model are estimated as through-the-cycle (TTC) PDs stressed market conditions have little impact on the results of the capital calculations conducted with…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2012-03-13 Norbert Jobst , Dirk Tasche

This paper presents a convenient framework for modeling default process and pricing derivative securities involving credit risk. The framework provides an integrated view of credit valuation adjustment by linking distance-to-default,…

Pricing of Securities · Quantitative Finance 2023-09-08 David Xiao

This work has the objective of estimating default probabilities and correlations of credit portfolios given default rate information through a Bayesian framework using Stan. We use Vasicek's single factor credit model to establish the…

Applications · Statistics 2024-01-23 Jesus A. Pinera-Esquivel

Predicting corporate default risk has long been a crucial topic in the finance field, as bankruptcies impose enormous costs on market participants as well as the economy as a whole. This paper aims to forecast frailty correlated default…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2023-08-22 Ha Nguyen

The current research on credit risk is primarily focused on modeling default probabilities. Recovery rates are often treated as an afterthought; they are modeled independently, in many cases they are even assumed constant. This is despite…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2012-10-16 Rudi Schäfer , Alexander F. R. Koivusalo

In this paper, we deal with an axiomatic approach to default risk. We introduce the notion of a default risk measure, which generalizes the classical probability of default (PD), and allows to incorporate model risk in various forms. We…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2023-09-21 Max Nendel , Jan Streicher

The issue of model risk in default modeling has been known since inception of the Academic literature in the field. However, a rigorous treatment requires a description of all the possible models, and a measure of the distance between a…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2019-06-17 Roberto Fontana , Elisa Luciano , Patrizia Semeraro

This paper presents comparison results and establishes risk bounds for credit portfolios within classes of Bernoulli mixture models, assuming conditionally independent defaults that are stochastically increasing with a common risk factor.…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2025-12-24 Jonathan Ansari , Eva Lütkebohmert

In recent years research on credit risk modelling has mainly focused on default probabilities. Recovery rates are usually modelled independently, quite often they are even assumed constant. Then, however, the structural connection between…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2015-03-06 Alexander F. R. Koivusalo , Rudi Schäfer

For credit risk management purposes in general, and for allocation of regulatory capital by banks in particular (Basel II), numerical assessments of the credit-worthiness of borrowers are indispensable. These assessments are expressed in…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2008-12-02 Katja Pluto , Dirk Tasche

This paper studies the consequences of capturing non-linear dependence among the covariates that drive the default of different obligors and the overall riskiness of their credit portfolio. Joint default modeling is, without loss of…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2023-09-06 Margherita Doria , Elisa Luciano , Patrizia Semeraro
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