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We study the possibilities of building a non-autoregressive speech-to-text translation model using connectionist temporal classification (CTC), and use CTC-based automatic speech recognition as an auxiliary task to improve the performance.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-12 Shun-Po Chuang , Yung-Sung Chuang , Chih-Chiang Chang , Hung-yi Lee

Autoregressive decoding is the only part of sequence-to-sequence models that prevents them from massive parallelization at inference time. Non-autoregressive models enable the decoder to generate all output symbols independently in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-13 Jindřich Libovický , Jindřich Helcl

Non-autoregressive approaches aim to improve the inference speed of translation models by only requiring a single forward pass to generate the output sequence instead of iteratively producing each predicted token. Consequently, their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Robin M. Schmidt , Telmo Pires , Stephan Peitz , Jonas Lööf

Non-autoregressive approaches aim to improve the inference speed of translation models, particularly those that generate output in a one-pass forward manner. However, these approaches often suffer from a significant drop in translation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Shen-sian Syu , Juncheng Xie , Hung-yi Lee

Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) based end-to-end speech recognition system usually need to incorporate an external language model by using WFST-based decoding in order to achieve promising results. This is more essential to…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-04-24 Shiliang Zhang , Ming Lei , Zhijie Yan

The RNN-Transducers and improved attention-based encoder-decoder models are widely applied to streaming speech recognition. Compared with these two end-to-end models, the CTC model is more efficient in training and inference. However, it…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-06 Zhengkun Tian , Jiangyan Yi , Ye Bai , Jianhua Tao , Shuai Zhang , Zhengqi Wen

Autoregressive sequence models achieve state-of-the-art performance in domains like machine translation. However, due to the autoregressive factorization nature, these models suffer from heavy latency during inference. Recently,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-10 Zhiqing Sun , Zhuohan Li , Haoqing Wang , Zi Lin , Di He , Zhi-Hong Deng

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are effective models for reducing spectral variations and modeling spectral correlations in acoustic features for automatic speech recognition (ASR). Hybrid speech recognition systems incorporating CNNs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-01-11 Ying Zhang , Mohammad Pezeshki , Philemon Brakel , Saizheng Zhang , Cesar Laurent Yoshua Bengio , Aaron Courville

This paper presents two strong methods, CTC and Imputer, for non-autoregressive machine translation that model latent alignments with dynamic programming. We revisit CTC for machine translation and demonstrate that a simple CTC model can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Chitwan Saharia , William Chan , Saurabh Saxena , Mohammad Norouzi

We combine recent advancements in end-to-end speech recognition to non-autoregressive automatic speech recognition. We push the limits of non-autoregressive state-of-the-art results for multiple datasets: LibriSpeech, Fisher+Switchboard and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-14 Edwin G. Ng , Chung-Cheng Chiu , Yu Zhang , William Chan

Long Short Term Memory Connectionist Temporal Classification (LSTM-CTC) based end-to-end models are widely used in speech recognition due to its simplicity in training and efficiency in decoding. In conventional LSTM-CTC based models, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-03-14 Yangyang Shi , Mei-Yuh Hwang , Xin Lei

Non-autoregressive (NAR) models for automatic speech recognition (ASR) aim to achieve high accuracy and fast inference by simplifying the autoregressive (AR) generation process of conventional models. Connectionist temporal classification…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-29 Yuya Fujita , Shinji Watanabe , Xuankai Chang , Takashi Maekaku

Non-autoregressive translation (NAT) models, which remove the dependence on previous target tokens from the inputs of the decoder, achieve significantly inference speedup but at the cost of inferior accuracy compared to autoregressive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-12-27 Junliang Guo , Xu Tan , Di He , Tao Qin , Linli Xu , Tie-Yan Liu

The multi-decoder (MD) end-to-end speech translation model has demonstrated high translation quality by searching for better intermediate automatic speech recognition (ASR) decoder states as hidden intermediates (HI). It is a two-pass…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-28 Hirofumi Inaguma , Siddharth Dalmia , Brian Yan , Shinji Watanabe

Speech recognition in mixed language has difficulties to adapt end-to-end framework due to the lack of data and overlapping phone sets, for example in words such as "one" in English and "w\`an" in Chinese. We propose a CTC-based end-to-end…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-31 Genta Indra Winata , Andrea Madotto , Chien-Sheng Wu , Pascale Fung

Non-autoregressive (NAR) models simultaneously generate multiple outputs in a sequence, which significantly reduces the inference speed at the cost of accuracy drop compared to autoregressive baselines. Showing great potential for real-time…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-12 Yosuke Higuchi , Nanxin Chen , Yuya Fujita , Hirofumi Inaguma , Tatsuya Komatsu , Jaesong Lee , Jumon Nozaki , Tianzi Wang , Shinji Watanabe

Recently, end-to-end automatic speech recognition has become the mainstream approach in both industry and academia. To optimize system performance in specific scenarios, the Weighted Finite-State Transducer (WFST) is extensively used to…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-08 Wei Zhang , Tian-Hao Zhang , Chao Luo , Hui Zhou , Chao Yang , Xinyuan Qian , Xu-Cheng Yin

Recent advances in deep learning show that end-to-end speech to text translation model is a promising approach to direct the speech translation field. In this work, we provide an overview of different end-to-end architectures, as well as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-21 Parnia Bahar , Tobias Bieschke , Hermann Ney

Complex natural language applications such as speech translation or pivot translation traditionally rely on cascaded models. However, cascaded models are known to be prone to error propagation and model discrepancy problems. Furthermore,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-28 Evgeniia Tokarchuk , Jan Rosendahl , Weiyue Wang , Pavel Petrushkov , Tomer Lancewicki , Shahram Khadivi , Hermann Ney

This paper proposes a novel voice conversion (VC) method based on non-autoregressive sequence-to-sequence (NAR-S2S) models. Inspired by the great success of NAR-S2S models such as FastSpeech in text-to-speech (TTS), we extend the…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-04-15 Tomoki Hayashi , Wen-Chin Huang , Kazuhiro Kobayashi , Tomoki Toda