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Optimal strategies for epidemic containment are focused on dismantling the contact network through effective immunization with minimal costs. However, network fragmentation is seldom accessible in practice and may present extreme side…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-02-26 Guilherme S. Costa , Silvio C. Ferreira

We consider the effect of inducement to vaccinate during the spread of an infectious disease on complex networks. Suppose that public resources are finite and that only a small proportion of individuals can be vaccinated freely (complete…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-03-30 Hai-Feng Zhang , Pan-Pan Shu , Ming Tang , Michael Small

Vaccination is crucial for the control of epidemics. Yet it is a social dilemma since non-vaccinators can benefit from the herd immunity created by the vaccinators. Thus the optimum vaccination level is not reached via voluntary vaccination…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2019-02-06 Yuting Wei , Yaosen Lin , Bin Wu

Global strategies to contain a pandemic, such as social distancing and protective measures, are designed to reduce the overall transmission rate between individuals. Despite such measures, essential institutions, including hospitals,…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2022-09-07 Roberto Morán-Tovar , Henning Gruell , Florian Klein , Michael Lässig

Given a network of nodes, minimizing the spread of a contagion using a limited budget is a well-studied problem with applications in network security, viral marketing, social networks, and public health. In real graphs, virus may infect a…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2017-11-03 Muhammad Ahmad , Juvaria Tariq , Mudassir Shabbir , Imdadullah Khan

Network immunization is an automated task in the field of network analysis that involves protecting a network (modeled as a graph) from being infected by an undesired arbitrary diffusion. In this article, we consider the spread of harmful…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Elena-Simona Apostol , Özgur Coban , Ciprian-Octavian Truică

In this study, an efficient method to immunize modular networks (i.e., networks with community structure) is proposed. The immunization of networks aims at fragmenting networks into small parts with a small number of removed nodes. Its…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2010-03-24 Naoki Masuda

When trying to maximize the adoption of a behavior in a population connected by a social network, it is common to strategize about where in the network to seed the behavior, often with an element of randomness. Selecting seeds uniformly at…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-06-22 Alex Chin , Dean Eckles , Johan Ugander

Understanding the network structure, and finding out the influential nodes is a challenging issue in the large networks. Identifying the most influential nodes in the network can be useful in many applications like immunization of nodes in…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2017-01-10 Naveen Gupta , Anurag Singh , Hocine Cherifi

Strategic network formation arises where agents receive benefit from connections to other agents, but also incur costs for forming links. We consider a new network formation game that incorporates an adversarial attack, as well as…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-10 Sanjeev Goyal , Shahin Jabbari , Michael Kearns , Sanjeev Khanna , Jamie Morgenstern

Interventions are made in networks to change the network or its values in a desired way. The intervention strategies evaluated in the study described here use network sampling designs to find units to which interventions are applied. An…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-11-23 Steven K. Thompson

Efficient testing and vaccination protocols are critical aspects of epidemic management. To study the optimal allocation of limited testing and vaccination resources in a heterogeneous contact network of interacting susceptible, recovered,…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2026-05-12 Mingtao Xia , Lucas Böttcher , Tom Chou

Containing an epidemic at its origin is the most desirable mitigation. Epidemics have often originated in rural areas, with rural communities among the first affected. Disease dynamics in rural regions have received limited attention, and…

Designing effective strategies for controlling epidemic spread by vaccination is an important question in epidemiology, especially in the early stages when vaccines are limited. This is a challenging question when the contact network is…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Dung Nguyen , Aravind Srinivasan , Renata Valieva , Anil Vullikanti , Jiayi Wu

In previous articles, we formalized the problem of optimal allocation strategies for a (perfect) vaccine in an infinite-dimensional metapopulation model. The aim of the current paper is to illustrate this theoretical framework with multiple…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-12-17 Jean-François Delmas , Dylan Dronnier , Pierre-André Zitt

Network analysis is currently used in a myriad of contexts: from identifying potential drug targets to predicting the spread of epidemics and designing vaccination strategies, and from finding friends to uncovering criminal activity.…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2010-04-28 R. Guimera , M. Sales-Pardo

Epidemic risk assessment poses inherent challenges, with traditional approaches often failing to balance health outcomes and economic constraints. This paper presents a data-driven decision support tool that models epidemiological dynamics…

Applications · Statistics 2025-11-24 Chang Zhai , Ping Chen , Zhuo Jin , David Pitt

We investigate the spread of diseases, computer viruses or information on complex networks and also immunization strategies to prevent or control the spread. When an entire population cannot be immunized and the effect of immunization is…

Physics and Society · Physics 2011-04-14 Shinji Tanimoto

Many real-world networks are known to exhibit facts that counter our knowledge prescribed by the theories on network creation and communication patterns. A common prerequisite in network analysis is that information on nodes and links will…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-04-03 Guy Kelman , Eran Manes , Marco Lamieri , David Breé

Most centralities proposed for identifying influential spreaders on social networks to either spread a message or to stop an epidemic require the full topological information of the network on which spreading occurs. In practice, however,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2017-12-13 Byungjoon Min , Fredrik Liljeros , Hernán A. Makse