Related papers: Diagnostics Examples from lepton-linacs and FELs

Measurements on classical systems are usually idealized and assumed to have infinite precision. In practice, however, any measurement has a finite resolution. We investigate the theory of non-ideal measurements in classical mechanics using…

Labeled examples (i.e., positive and negative examples) are an attractive medium for communicating complex concepts. They are useful for deriving concept expressions (such as in concept learning, interactive concept specification, and…

Positive and negative likelihood ratios are parameters which are used to assess and compare the effectiveness of binary diagnostic tests. Both parameters only depend on the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic test and are…

Data scientists and statisticians are often at odds when determining the best approach, machine learning or statistical modeling, to solve an analytics challenge. However, machine learning and statistical modeling are more cousins than…

A common concern with Bayesian methodology in scientific contexts is that inferences can be heavily influenced by subjective biases. As presented here, there are two types of bias for some quantity of interest: bias against and bias in…

We provide a brief overview of both Bayes and classical model selection. We argue tentatively that model selection has at least two major goals, that of finding the correct model or predicting well, and that in general both these goals may…

Research in the life sciences often employs messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNA) quantification as a standalone approach for functional analysis. However, although the correlation between the measured levels of mRNA and proteins is positive,…

Often a screening or selection experiment targets a cell or tissue, which presents many possible molecular targets and identifies a correspondingly large number of ligands. We describe a statistical method to extract an estimate of the…

We show that one single experiment can test simultaneously and independently both the nonclassicality of states and measurements by the violation or fulfillment of classical bounds on the statistics. Nonideal measurements affected by…

Measurement is one of the key concepts which discriminates classical and quantum physics. Unlike classical systems, a measurement on a quantum system typically alters it drastically as a result of wave function collapse. Here we suggest…

Measuring device is proposed for determining a linear dimension. The device comprises three associated longitudinally moving parts one of which is a scale. The integer part of the device reading is being taken from the standard millimeter…

We consider the system of $N$ points on the segment of the real line with the nearest-neighbor Coulomb repulsive interaction and external force $F$. For the fixed points of such systems (fixed configurations) we study the asymptotics (in…

We analyze and compare the mathematical formulations of the criterion for separability for bipartite density matrices and the Bell inequalities. We show that a violation of a Bell inequality can formally be expressed as a witness for…

Semantic measures are widely used today to estimate the strength of the semantic relationship between elements of various types: units of language (e.g., words, sentences, documents), concepts or even instances semantically characterized…

Physics-based and first-principles models pervade the engineering and physical sciences, allowing for the ability to model the dynamics of complex systems with a prescribed accuracy. The approximations used in deriving governing equations…

Identifying leading measurement units from a large collection is a common inference task in various domains of large-scale inference. Testing approaches, which measure evidence against a null hypothesis rather than effect magnitude, tend to…

Standard evaluation in NLP typically indicates that system A is better on average than system B, but it provides little info on how to improve performance and, what is worse, it should not come as a surprise if B ends up being better than A…

Complex classifiers may exhibit "embarassing" failures in cases where humans can easily provide a justified classification. Avoiding such failures is obviously of key importance. In this work, we focus on one such setting, where a label is…

Agent-based models (ABMs) often rely on psychometric constructs such as 'opinions', 'stubbornness', 'happiness', etc. The measurement process for these constructs is quite different from the one used in physics as there is no standardized…

With the growing popularity of general-purpose Large Language Models (LLMs), comes a need for more global explanations of model behaviors. Concept-based explanations arise as a promising avenue for explaining high-level patterns learned by…