Related papers: What is resolution? A statistical minimax testing …
The ultimate sensitivity of optical measurements is a key element of many recent works. Classically, it is mainly limited by the shot noise limit. However, a measurement setup that incorporates quantum mechanical principles can surpass the…
Microscopy is the workhorse of the physical and life sciences, producing crisp images of everything from atoms to cells well beyond the capabilities of the human eye. However, the analysis of these images is frequently little better than…
A commonly used measure to summarize the nature of a photon spectrum is the so-called Hardness Ratio, which compares the number of counts observed in different passbands. The hardness ratio is especially useful to distinguish between and…
The last decade has seen numerous efforts to achieve imaging resolution beyond that of the Abbe-Rayleigh diffraction limit. The main direction of research aiming to break this limit seeks to exploit the evanescent components containing fine…
Two approaches (micro- and macro- investigations) are used to determine the dimension dependences of the optical parameters of the nanometer-scale layers of materials. It is shown that both an index of refraction and coefficient of…
The scanning electron microscope (SEM) produces an image of a sample by scanning it with a focused beam of electrons. The electrons interact with the atoms in the sample, which emit secondary electrons that contain information about the…
The manifestation of the wave nature of light through diffraction imposes limits on the resolution of optical imaging. For over a century, the Abbe-Rayleigh criterion has been utilized to assess the spatial resolution limits of optical…
Learning-based image super-resolution aims to reconstruct high-frequency (HF) details from the prior model trained by a set of high- and low-resolution image patches. In this paper, HF to be estimated is considered as a combination of two…
Atomic-resolution imaging with scanning transmission electron microscopy is a powerful tool for characterizing the nanoscale structure of materials, in particular features such as defects, local strains, and symmetry-breaking distortions.…
Macroscopic quantum phenomena, such as observed in superfluids and superconductors, have led to promising technological advancements and some of the most important tests of fundamental physics. At present, quantum detection of light is…
Motivated by the application of neural networks in super resolution microscopy, this paper considers super resolution as the mapping of trigonometric moments of a discrete measure on $[0,1)^d$ to its support and weights. We prove that this…
The field of quantum sensing explores the use of quantum phenomena to measure a broad range of physical quantities, of both static and time-dependent types. An important figure of merit for sensing time dependent signals is the spectral…
Resolving sources beyond the diffraction limit is important in imaging, communications, and metrology. Current image-based methods of super-resolution require phase information (either of the source points or an added filter) and perfect…
Optical detection of nanoscale objects without relying on fluorescence is a current challenge due to their extremely weak interaction with light. Resonator-enhanced absorption microscopy is a novel tool to heavily boost the light-matter…
A simple model for image formation in linear shift-invariant systems is considered, in which both the detected signal and the noise variance are varying slowly compared to the point-spread function of the system. It is shown that within the…
We study counting photons confined in a mode of a microwave resonator via repeated measurements by a Josephson photomultiplier (JPM). The considered JPM is essentially a flux-biased phase qubit operating as a single-photon detector. We…
Understanding the evolution of the Milky Way calls for the precise abundance determination of many elements in many stars. A common perception is that deriving more than a few elemental abundances ([Fe/H], [$\alpha$/Fe], perhaps [C/H],…
No imaging apparatus can produce perfect images: spatial resolution is limited by the Rayleigh diffraction bound that is a consequence of the imager's finite spatial extent. We show some N-photon strategies that permit resolution of details…
A new method for high-sensitivity subwavelength spectromicroscopy is proposed based on the usage of a spaser (near-field laser) in the form of a scanning probe microscope tip. The high spatial resolution is defined by the tip's curvature,…
[Background] A complete set is a minimum set of observables which allows one to determine the underlying reaction amplitudes unambiguously. Pseudoscalar-meson photoproduction from the nucleon is characterized by four such amplitudes and…