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Large language models are increasingly trained in continual or open-ended settings, where the total training horizon is not known in advance. Despite this, most existing pretraining recipes are not anytime: they rely on horizon-dependent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Alexandru Meterez , Pranav Ajit Nair , Depen Morwani , Cengiz Pehlevan , Sham Kakade

Learning rate adaptation is a popular topic in machine learning. Gradient Descent trains neural nerwork with a fixed learning rate. Learning rate adaptation is proposed to accelerate the training process through adjusting the step size in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Bozhou Chen , Hongzhi Wang , Chenmin Ba

Learning personalized decision policies that generalize to the target population is of great relevance. Since training data is often not representative of the target population, standard policy learning methods may yield policies that do…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-12-03 Tobias Hatt , Daniel Tschernutter , Stefan Feuerriegel

Very large deep learning models trained using gradient descent are remarkably resistant to memorization given their huge capacity, but are at the same time capable of fitting large datasets of pure noise. Here methods are introduced by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-22 Benjamin L. Badger

This paper considers continual learning of large-scale pretrained neural machine translation model without accessing the previous training data or introducing model separation. We argue that the widely used regularization-based methods,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-07 Shuhao Gu , Bojie Hu , Yang Feng

We propose \textit{Meta-Regularization}, a novel approach for the adaptive choice of the learning rate in first-order gradient descent methods. Our approach modifies the objective function by adding a regularization term on the learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Guangzeng Xie , Hao Jin , Dachao Lin , Zhihua Zhang

Though data augmentation has rapidly emerged as a key tool for optimization in modern machine learning, a clear picture of how augmentation schedules affect optimization and interact with optimization hyperparameters such as learning rate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Boris Hanin , Yi Sun

A significant advance in accelerating neural network training has been the development of normalization methods, permitting the training of deep models both faster and with better accuracy. These advances come with practical challenges: for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-05 Jasmine Collins , Johannes Balle , Jonathon Shlens

In this paper, we describe a phenomenon, which we named "super-convergence", where neural networks can be trained an order of magnitude faster than with standard training methods. The existence of super-convergence is relevant to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-18 Leslie N. Smith , Nicholay Topin

We propose a general method called truncated gradient to induce sparsity in the weights of online learning algorithms with convex loss functions. This method has several essential properties: The degree of sparsity is continuous -- a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2008-07-04 John Langford , Lihong Li , Tong Zhang

The learning rate schedule is one of the most impactful aspects of neural network optimization, yet most schedules either follow simple parametric functions or react only to short-term training signals. None of them are supported by a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Matt L. Sampson , Peter Melchior

Many machine learning methods operate by inverting a neural network at inference time, which has become a popular technique for solving inverse problems in computer vision, robotics, and graphics. However, these methods often involve…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Ruoshi Liu , Chengzhi Mao , Purva Tendulkar , Hao Wang , Carl Vondrick

Recent works have cast some light on the mystery of why deep nets fit any data and generalize despite being very overparametrized. This paper analyzes training and generalization for a simple 2-layer ReLU net with random initialization, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-28 Sanjeev Arora , Simon S. Du , Wei Hu , Zhiyuan Li , Ruosong Wang

We consider the problem of supervised learning with convex loss functions and propose a new form of iterative regularization based on the subgradient method. Unlike other regularization approaches, in iterative regularization no constraint…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-04-02 Junhong Lin , Lorenzo Rosasco , Ding-Xuan Zhou

Learning rate schedulers have shown great success in speeding up the convergence of learning algorithms in practice. However, their convergence to a minimum has not been proven theoretically. This difficulty mainly arises from the fact…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Dahlia Devapriya , Thulasi Tholeti , Janani Suresh , Sheetal Kalyani

Over-parameterization and adaptive methods have played a crucial role in the success of deep learning in the last decade. The widespread use of over-parameterization has forced us to rethink generalization by bringing forth new phenomena,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-12-01 Vatsal Shah , Soumya Basu , Anastasios Kyrillidis , Sujay Sanghavi

We design learning rate schedules that minimize regret for SGD-based online learning in the presence of a changing data distribution. We fully characterize the optimal learning rate schedule for online linear regression via a novel analysis…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Matthew Fahrbach , Adel Javanmard , Vahab Mirrokni , Pratik Worah

Neural networks are very powerful learning systems, but they do not readily generalize from one task to the other. This is partly due to the fact that they do not learn in a compositional way, that is, by discovering skills that are shared…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-07-27 Adam Liška , Germán Kruszewski , Marco Baroni

A widely believed explanation for the remarkable generalization capacities of overparameterized neural networks is that the optimization algorithms used for training induce an implicit bias towards benign solutions. To grasp this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Maria Matveev , Vit Fojtik , Hung-Hsu Chou , Gitta Kutyniok , Johannes Maly

We study the rates of convergence in generalization error achievable by active learning under various types of label noise. Additionally, we study the general problem of model selection for active learning with a nested hierarchy of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2011-03-10 Steve Hanneke