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Related papers: Muons in supernovae: implications for the axion-mu…

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The neutrino-nucleon cross section is slightly larger than that for $\bar\nu-N$. Therefore, $\bar\nu$ will escape more quickly from core collapse supernovae leaving the star $\nu$ rich. A diffusion formalism is used to calculate the time…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-31 C. J. Horowitz , Gang Li

The quantum chromodynamics (QCD) axion may modify the cooling rates of neutron stars (NSs). The axions are produced within the NS cores from nucleon bremsstrahlung and, when the nucleons are in superfluid states, Cooper pair breaking and…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-03-14 Malte Buschmann , Christopher Dessert , Joshua W. Foster , Andrew J. Long , Benjamin R. Safdi

Core-collapse supernovae are a useful laboratory to probe the nature of exotic particles. If axionlike particles (ALPs) are produced in supernovae, they can affect the transfer of energy and leave traces in observational signatures. In this…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-09-06 Kanji Mori , Tomoya Takiwaki , Kei Kotake , Shunsaku Horiuchi

The implications of hyperon pairing for the thermal evolution of neutron stars containing hyperons are investigated. The outcome of cooling simulations are compared for neutron star models composed only of nucleons and leptons, models…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-30 Christoph Schaab , Shmuel Balberg , Juergen Schaffner-Bielich

The present article investigates the impact of muons on core-collapse supernovae, with particular focus on the early muon neutrino emission. While the presence of muons is well understood in the context of neutron stars, until the recent…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-01-21 Tobias Fischer , Gang Guo , Gabriel Martínez-Pinedo , Matthias Liebendörder , Anthony Mezzacappa

We explore the role of Majoron ($J$) emission in the supernova cooling process, as a source of upper bound on neutrino-Majoron coupling. We show that the strongest upper bound on the coupling to $\nu_e$ comes from the $\nu_e\nu_e \to J $…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-09-06 Yasaman Farzan

Experimental searches for fifth forces coupled to muons are fundamentally limited by the scarcity of muons in ordinary matter, whereas neutron stars contain abundant muon populations. We show that these compact objects therefore provide…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-05-26 Damiano F. G. Fiorillo , Alessandro Lella , Georg G. Raffelt , Nudzeim Selimovic , Edoardo Vitagliano

If axions exist, they are copiously produced in hot and dense plasmas, carrying away energy directly from the interior of stars. Various astronomical observables constrain the operation of such anomalous stellar energy-loss channels and…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-31 G. Raffelt

We present a systematic study of QCD axion production in environments with finite baryon density and temperature, implying significant changes to axion phenomenology. Within heavy baryon chiral perturbation theory, we derive the effective…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-03-03 Konstantin Springmann , Michael Stadlbauer , Stefan Stelzl , Andreas Weiler

The metastable hypermassive neutron star produced in the coalescence of two neutron stars can copiously produce axions that radiatively decay into $\mathcal{O}(100)$~MeV photons. These photons can form a fireball with characteristic…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-03-11 Melissa Diamond , Damiano F. G. Fiorillo , Gustavo Marques-Tavares , Irene Tamborra , Edoardo Vitagliano

Core-collapse supernovae provide a unique opportunity to probe axions because they can be a copious source of the particles. It has recently been proposed that axion helioscopes can be used for the direct search for supernova axions if a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-11-19 Kanji Mori , Masamitsu Mori

Supernovae and cooling neutron stars have long been used to constrain the properties of axions, such as their mass and interactions with nucleons and other Standard Model particles. We investigate the prospects of using neutron star mergers…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-07-22 Steven P. Harris , Jean-Francois Fortin , Kuver Sinha , Mark G. Alford

It is known that muons are scarce just after the birth of a proto-neutron star via a supernova explosion but get more abundant as the proto-neutron star cools via neutrino emissions on the Kelvin-Helmholtz timescale. In this paper we…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-11-15 Ken'ichi Sugiura , Shun Furusawa , Kohsuke Sumiyoshi , Shoichi Yamada

Heavy axion-like particles (ALPs), with masses $m_a \gtrsim 100$ keV, coupled with photons, would be copiously produced in a supernova (SN) core via Primakoff process and photon coalescence. Using a state-of-the-art SN model, we revisit the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-12-07 Giuseppe Lucente , Pierluca Carenza , Tobias Fischer , Maurizio Giannotti , Alessandro Mirizzi

We present the supernova constraints on an axion-photon-dark photon coupling, which can be the leading coupling to dark sector models and can also lead to dramatic changes to axion cosmology. We show that the supernova bound on this…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-07-14 Anson Hook , Gustavo Marques-Tavares , Clayton Ristow

It is generally considered that the neutron star cooling scenarios involving fast neutrino emission, from a kaon or pion condensate, quark matter, or the direct Urca process, require the presence of baryon pairing in the central core of the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-28 Dany Page

Sterile neutrinos with masses up to $\mathcal{O} (100)$ MeV can be copiously produced in a supernova (SN) core, through the mixing with active neutrinos. In this regard the SN 1987A detection of neutrino events has been used to put…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-03-12 Pierluca Carenza , Giuseppe Lucente , Leonardo Mastrototaro , Alessandro Mirizzi , Pasquale Dario Serpico

In this work we consider the role of muons in various URCA processes relevant for neutrino emissions in the core region of neutron stars. The calculations are done for $\beta$--stable nuclear matter with and without muons. We find muons to…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-10-28 O. Elgaroy , L. Engvik , E. Osnes , F. V. De Blasio , M. Hjorth-Jensen , G. Lazzari

We reconsider thermal production of axions in the early universe, including axion couplings to all Standard Model (SM) particles. Concerning the axion coupling to gluons, we find that thermal effects enhance the axion production rate by a…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-05-03 Alberto Salvio , Alessandro Strumia , Wei Xue

In this work we consider the effect that the appearance of pseudoscalar condensates in a neutron star can have on its cooling rate. We make no particular assumption on the origin and characteristics of these possible condensates and only…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-08-04 A. A. Andrianov , D. Espriu , S. S. Kolevatov