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We derive the asymptotic distributions of the spiked eigenvalues and eigenvectors under a generalized and unified asymptotic regime, which takes into account the spike magnitude of leading eigenvalues, sample size, and dimensionality. This…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-09-15 Jianqing Fan , Weichen Wang

In high-dimensional principal component analysis, important inferential targets include both leading spikes and the associated principal eigenspaces. Such problems arise naturally in high-dimensional factor models, where leading principal…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-26 Yanqing Yin , Wang Zhou

We establish non-asymptotic lower bounds for the estimation of principal subspaces. As applications, we obtain new results for the excess risk of principal component analysis and the matrix denoising problem.

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-07-20 Martin Wahl

We derive tight lower bounds on the smallest eigenvalue of a sample covariance matrix of a centred isotropic random vector under weak or no assumptions on its components.

Probability · Mathematics 2014-12-17 Pavel Yaskov

This paper studies inference in linear models with a high-dimensional parameter matrix that can be well-approximated by a ``spiked low-rank matrix.'' A spiked low-rank matrix has rank that grows slowly compared to its dimensions and nonzero…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-01-04 Victor Chernozhukov , Christian Hansen , Yuan Liao , Yinchu Zhu

We analyse the reconstruction error of principal component analysis (PCA) and prove non-asymptotic upper bounds for the corresponding excess risk. These bounds unify and improve existing upper bounds from the literature. In particular, they…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-04-01 Markus Reiß , Martin Wahl

In this paper, we study the asymptotic behavior of the extreme eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the high dimensional spiked sample covariance matrices, in the supercritical case when a reliable detection of spikes is possible. Especially, we…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-09-04 Zhigang Bao , Xiucai Ding , Jingming Wang , Ke Wang

Motivated by statistical analysis of latent factor models for high-frequency financial data, we develop sharp upper bounds for the spectral norm of the realized covariance matrix of a high-dimensional It\^o semimartingale with possibly…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-10-11 Yuta Koike

When an eigenvector of a semi-bounded operator is positive, we show that a remarkably simple argument allows to obtain upper and lower bounds for its associated eigenvalue. This theorem is a substantial generalization of Barta-like…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2009-11-11 Amaury Mouchet

This paper investigates the asymptotics of eigenstructure of sample covariance matrix under the spiked covariance matrix model in ultra-high-dimensional settings, where the dimensionality can grow much faster than the sample size with $ p…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-30 Wonjun Seo

The goal of this paper is to establish relative perturbation bounds, tailored for empirical covariance operators. Our main results are expansions for empirical eigenvalues and spectral projectors, leading to concentration inequalities and…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-03-03 Moritz Jirak , Martin Wahl

A basic problem in operator theory is to estimate how a small perturbation effects the eigenspaces of a self-adjoint compact operator. In this paper, we prove upper bounds for the subspace distance, taylored for structured random…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-12-18 Moritz Jirak , Martin Wahl

Modern datasets are trending towards ever higher dimension. In response, recent theoretical studies of covariance estimation often assume the proportional-growth asymptotic framework, where the sample size $n$ and dimension $p$ are…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-08-01 David L. Donoho , Michael J. Feldman

In this paper we demonstrate the only available scalable information bounds for quantities of interest of high dimensional probabilistic models. Scalability of inequalities allows us to (a) obtain uncertainty quantification bounds for…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-04-05 Markos A. Katsoulakis , Luc Rey-Bellet , Jie Wang

This paper focuses on investigating Stein's invariant shrinkage estimators for large sample covariance matrices and precision matrices in high-dimensional settings. We consider models that have nearly arbitrary population covariance…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-04-24 Xiucai Ding , Yun Li , Fan Yang

In this paper, we investigate the asymptotic behaviors of the extreme eigenvectors in a general spiked covariance matrix, where the dimension and sample size increase proportionally. We eliminate the restrictive assumption of the block…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-05-15 Zhangni Pu , Xiaozhuo Zhang , Jiang Hu , Zhidong Bai

We get optimal lower bounds for the eigenvalues of the submanifold Dirac operator on locally reducible Riemannian manifolds in terms of intrinsic and extrinsic expressions. The limiting-cases are also studied. As a corollary, one gets…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2020-10-27 Yongfa Chen

For a very general class of unbounded self-adjoint operator function we prove upper bounds for eigenvalues which lie within arbitrary gaps of the essential spectrum. These upper bounds are given by triple variations. Furthermore, we find…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2016-04-15 Matthias Langer , Michael Strauss

Learning from non-independent and non-identically distributed data poses a persistent challenge in statistical learning. In this study, we introduce data-dependent Bernstein inequalities tailored for vector-valued processes in Hilbert…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Erfan Mirzaei , Andreas Maurer , Vladimir R. Kostic , Massimiliano Pontil

Sample covariance matrices from multi-population typically exhibit several large spiked eigenvalues, which stem from differences between population means and are crucial for inference on the underlying data structure. This paper…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-09-16 Weiming Li , Zeng Li , Junpeng Zhu
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