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Quantum mechanics marks a radical departure from the classical understanding of Nature, fostering an inherent randomness which forbids a deterministic description; yet the most fundamental departure arises from something different. As shown…

Quantum theory's irreducible empirical core is a probability calculus. While it presupposes the events to which (and on the basis of which) it serves to assign probabilities, and therefore cannot account for their occurrence, it has to be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-11-03 Ulrich Mohrhoff

We take the view that physical quantities are values generated by processes in measurement, not pre-existent objective quantities, and that a measurement result is strictly a product of the apparatus and the subject of the measurement. We…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Charles Francis

In a previous paper, a project of constructing quantum models of classical properties has been started. The present paper concludes the project by turning to classical mechanics. The quantum states that maximize entropy for given averages…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 P. Hajicek

The Schrodinger equation is incomplete, inherently unable to explain the collapse of the wavefunction caused by measurement; a fundamental issue known as the quantum measurement problem. Quantum mechanics is generally constrained by the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-19 Kyoung Yeon Kim

Quantum Mechanics, the physical theory describing the microworld, represents one of science's greatest triumphs. It lies at the root of all modern digital technologies and offers unparalleled correspondence between prediction and…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2016-04-25 Adam Frank

The concept of number is fundamental to the formulation of any physical theory. We give a heuristic motivation for the reformulation of Quantum Mechanics in terms of non-standard real numbers called Quantum Real Numbers. The standard axioms…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 John V Corbett , Thomas Durt

Precise measurements of tiny forces and displacements play an important role in science and technology. The precision of recent experiments, while beginning to reach the limits imposed by quantum mechanics, is necessarily spoiled by the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-11 C. L. Latune , B. M. Escher , R. L. de Matos Filho , L. Davidovich

A phase space distribution associated with a quantum state was previously proposed, which incorporates a specific epistemic restriction parameterized by a global random variable on the order of Planck constant, transparently manifesting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-15 Agung Budiyono

Quantum mechanics dictates that a continuous measurement of the position of an object imposes a random back action perturbation on its momentum. This randomness translates with time into position uncertainty, thus leading to the well known…

We develop a statistical model of microscopic stochastic deviation from classical mechanics based on a stochastic processes with a transition probability that is assumed to be given by an exponential distribution of infinitesimal stationary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-12-13 Agung Budiyono

A century after the discovery of quantum mechanics, the meaning of quantum mechanics still remains elusive. This is largely due to the puzzling nature of the wave function, the central object in quantum mechanics. If we are realists about…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-25 Eddy Keming Chen

Classical statistical average values are generally generalized to average values of quantum mechanics, it is discovered that quantum mechanics is direct generalization of classical statistical mechanics, and we generally deduce both a new…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Y. C. Huang , F. C. Ma , N. Zhang

In two articles, the authors claim that the Heisenberg uncertainty principle limits the precision of simultaneous measurements of the position and velocity of a particle and refer to experimental evidence that supports their claim. It is…

General Physics · Physics 2007-07-12 Elias P. Gyftopoulos

Measurement quantum mechanics, the theory of a quantum system which undergoes a measurement process, is introduced by a loop of mathematical equivalencies connecting previously proposed approaches. The unique phenomenological parameter of…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-10-28 Carlo Presilla , Roberto Onofrio , Ubaldo Tambini

In classical estimation theory, the central limit theorem implies that the statistical error in a measurement outcome can be reduced by an amount proportional to n^(-1/2) by repeating the measures n times and then averaging. Using quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-27 Vittorio Giovannetti , Seth Lloyd , Lorenzo Maccone

In the Bayesian approach to probability theory, probability quantifies a degree of belief for a single trial, without any a priori connection to limiting frequencies. In this paper we show that, despite being prescribed by a fundamental…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Carlton M. Caves , Christopher A. Fuchs , Ruediger Schack

We explain the quantum structure as due to the presence of two effects, (a) a real change of state of the entity under influence of the measurement and, (b) a lack of knowledge about a deeper deterministic reality of the measurement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Diederik Aerts

Quantum dynamics of the collective mode and individual particles on a ring is studied as the simplest model of projective quantum measurement. In this model, the collective mode measures an individual single quantum system. The heart of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-19 Masahiro Morikawa , Akika Nakamichi

Essential elements of quantum theory are derived from an epistemic point of view, i.e., the viewpoint that thetheory has to do with what can be said about nature. This gives a relationship to statistical reasoning and to other areas of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-30 Inge S. Helland