Related papers: Leptons in the Proton
The description of the structure of proton is fundamental in order to describe the standard model processes at the LHC as well as for the searching of New Physics. Quantum fluctuations imply the presence of photons and leptons inside the…
Although protons are baryons with an overall vanishing lepton number, they possess a non-trivial leptonic content arising from quantum fluctuations which can be described by lepton parton distribution functions (PDFs) of the proton. These…
It has become apparent in recent years that it is important, notably for a range of physics studies at the Large Hadron Collider, to have accurate knowledge on the distribution of photons in the proton. We show how the photon parton…
In this article we present a review of the structure of the proton and the current status of our knowledge of the parton distribution functions (PDFs). The lepton-nucleon scattering experiments which provide the main constraints in PDF…
The emission of collinear radiation off an elementary lepton can be factorised from the hard scattering process by introducing Parton Distribution Functions of a Lepton (LePDF), which, contrary to protons, can be derived from first…
We review the current state of the art in the determination of the parton substructure of the nucleon, as expressed in terms of parton distribution functions (PDFs), and probed in high-energy lepton-hadron and hadron-hadron collisions, and…
Precision phenomenology at the LHC requires accounting for both higher-order QCD and electroweak corrections as well as for photon-initiated subprocesses. Building upon the recent NNPDF3.1 fit, in this work the photon content of the proton…
The parton distribution functions (PDFs) of the proton, a necessary input to almost all theory predictions for hadron colliders, are reviewed in this document. An introduction to the PDF determination by global analyses of the main PDF…
In this contribution we discuss the main outcomes of our studies on the so called double parton distribution functions (dPDFs), accessible quantities in high energy proton-proton and proton nucleus collisions, in double parton scattering…
Originally it was thought that the proton is not divisible into smaller particles. However, from collision experiments it follows that it consists of a 'soup' of countless 'colored' elementary particles such as quarks and gluons that are…
The photon parton distribution function (PDF) of the proton is crucial for precise comparisons of LHC cross sections with theoretical predictions. However, it was previously affected by very large uncertainties of around ${\cal O}(100\%)$…
We propose a new experimental method to probe the photon parton distribution function inside the proton (photon PDF) at LHC energies. The method is based on the measurement of dilepton production from the $\gamma p\rightarrow\ell^+\ell^-+X$…
The determination of the parton distribution functions (PDFs) of the proton will be an essential input for the physics program of a future 100 TeV hadron collider. The unprecedented center-of-mass energy will require knowledge of PDFs in…
The unprecedented precision of experimental measurements at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the increased statistics that will be reached in the High-Luminosity phase of the LHC (HL-LHC) are pushing the phenomenology community to a new…
A final state consisting of one charged lepton, at least one jet, and little missing transverse energy can be a very promising signature of new physics at the LHC across a wide range of models. However, it has received only limited…
Study of parton distribution functions (PDFs) has led to a finer cognisance of the structure of partons in hadrons and the proton structure functions in deep inelastic scattering (DIS). PDFs are instrumental in predicting results for most…
We review recent progress in the determination of the parton distribution functions (PDFs) of the proton, with emphasis on the applications for precision phenomenology at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). First of all, we introduce the…
At the LHC we are colliding protons, but it is not the protons that are doing the interacting. It is their constituents the quarks, antiquarks and gluons-collectively known as partons. We need to know how what fractional momentum of the…
In this talk we present the results of the investigation on the so called double parton distribution functions (dPDFs), accessible quantities in high energy proton-proton and proton nucleus collisions, in double parton scattering processes…
The photon PDF of the proton is needed for precision comparisons of LHC cross sections with theoretical predictions. In a recent paper, we showed how the photon PDF could be determined in terms of the electromagnetic proton structure…