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Extended dynamic mode decomposition (EDMD) is a powerful tool to construct linear predictors of nonlinear dynamical systems by approximating the action of the Koopman operator on a subspace spanned by finitely many observable functions.…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-11-11 Roland Schurig , Pieter van Goor , Karl Worthmann , Rolf Findeisen

This paper proposes Koopman operator-based Stochastic Model Predictive Control (K-SMPC) for enhanced lateral control of autonomous vehicles. The Koopman operator is a linear map representing the nonlinear dynamics in an infinite-dimensional…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-12 Jin Sung Kim , Ying Shuai Quan , Chung Choo Chung

The analysis of nonlinear dynamical systems based on the Koopman operator is attracting attention in various applications. Dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) is a data-driven algorithm for Koopman spectral analysis, and several variants with…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2017-10-31 Naoya Takeishi , Yoshinobu Kawahara , Takehisa Yairi

The Koopman operator is a mathematical tool that allows for a linear description of non-linear systems, but working in infinite dimensional spaces. Dynamic Mode Decomposition and Extended Dynamic Mode Decomposition are amongst the most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-26 Francesco Zanini , Alessandro Chiuso

A Koopman decomposition of a complex system leads to a representation in which nonlinear dynamics appear to be linear. The existence of a linear framework with which to analyse nonlinear dynamical systems brings new strategies for…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2019-03-12 Jeremy Parker , Jacob Page

Identifying coordinate transformations that make strongly nonlinear dynamics approximately linear is a central challenge in modern dynamical systems. These transformations have the potential to enable prediction, estimation, and control of…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2019-03-06 Bethany Lusch , J. Nathan Kutz , Steven L. Brunton

Extended Dynamic Mode Decomposition (EDMD) is an algorithm that approximates the action of the Koopman operator on an $N$-dimensional subspace of the space of observables by sampling at $M$ points in the state space. Assuming that the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-03-26 Milan Korda , Igor Mezić

Koopman operators provide tractable means of learning linear approximations of non-linear dynamics. Many approaches have been proposed to find these operators, typically based upon approximations using an a-priori fixed class of models.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-09 Mario Sznaier

Dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) gives a practical means of extracting dynamic information from data, in the form of spatial modes and their associated frequencies and growth/decay rates. DMD can be considered as a numerical approximation…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2017-10-03 Hao Zhang , Scott T. M. Dawson , Clarence W. Rowley , Eric A. Deem , Louis N. Cattafesta

Analyzing the spectral properties of the Koopman operator is crucial for understanding and predicting the behavior of complex stochastic dynamical systems. However, the accuracy of data-driven estimation methods, such as Extended Dynamic…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-09-08 Yuanchao Xu , Jing Liu , Zhongwei Shen , Isao Ishikawa

We introduce the Rigged Dynamic Mode Decomposition (Rigged DMD) algorithm, which computes generalized eigenfunction decompositions of Koopman operators. By considering the evolution of observables, Koopman operators transform complex…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-12-04 Matthew J. Colbrook , Catherine Drysdale , Andrew Horning

In Koopman operator theory, a finite-dimensional nonlinear system is transformed into an infinite but linear system using a set of observable functions. However, manually selecting observable functions that span the invariant subspace of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-02-02 Yuhuang Meng , Jianguo Huang , Yue Qiu

Koopman operators are infinite-dimensional operators that globally linearize nonlinear dynamical systems, making their spectral information valuable for understanding dynamics. However, Koopman operators can have continuous spectra and…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-05-12 Matthew J. Colbrook , Alex Townsend

Koopman spectral analysis has attracted attention for nonlinear dynamical systems since we can analyze nonlinear dynamics with a linear regime by embedding data into a Koopman space by a nonlinear function. For the analysis, we need to find…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-02-10 Tomoharu Iwata , Yoshinobu Kawahara

In this paper, we develop the Koopman operator theory for dynamical systems with symmetry. In particular, we investigate how the Koopman operator and eigenfunctions behave under the action of the symmetry group of the underlying dynamical…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2020-03-11 Subhrajit Sinha , Sai P. Nandanoori , Enoch Yeung

This paper presents a novel learning framework to construct Koopman eigenfunctions for unknown, nonlinear dynamics using data gathered from experiments. The learning framework can extract spectral information from the full nonlinear…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-19 Carl Folkestad , Daniel Pastor , Igor Mezic , Ryan Mohr , Maria Fonoberova , Joel Burdick

We establish the convergence of a class of numerical algorithms, known as Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD), for computation of the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the infinite-dimensional Koopman operator. The algorithms act on data…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2017-11-21 Hassan Arbabi , Igor Mezić

Representation of a dynamical system in terms of simplifying modes is a central premise of reduced order modelling and a primary concern of the increasingly popular DMD (dynamic mode decomposition) empirical interpretation of Koopman…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2021-03-26 Erik Bollt

In this work, we propose to apply the recently developed Koopman operator techniques to explore the global phase space of a nonlinear system from time-series data. In particular, we address the problem of identifying various invariant…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2019-10-09 Sai Pushpak Nandanoori , Subhrajit Sinha , Enoch Yeung

The accuracy of Koopman operator approximations over finite-dimensional spaces relies critically on their invariance properties. These can be rigorously quantified via the principal angles between a candidate subspace and its image under…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-14 Dhruv Shah , Jorge Cortés