Related papers: The Micro-Randomized Trial for Developing Digital …
In stepped wedge cluster randomized trials (SW-CRTs), interventions are sequentially rolled out to clusters over multiple periods. It is common practice to analyze SW-CRTs using discrete-time linear mixed models, in which measurements are…
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been the cornerstone of clinical evidence; however, their cost, duration, and restrictive eligibility criteria limit power and external validity. Studies using real-world data (RWD), historically…
Many epidemiological questions concern potential interventions to alter the pathways presumed to mediate an association. For example, we consider a study that investigates the benefit of interventions in young adulthood for ameliorating the…
Cannabis use among emerging adults is increasing globally, posing significant health risks and creating a need for effective interventions. We present an exploratory analysis of the MiWaves pilot study, a digital intervention aimed at…
Novel devices and novel computing paradigms are key for energy efficient, performant future computing systems. However, designing devices for new applications is often time consuming and tedious. Here, we investigate the design and…
Personalized intervention strategies, in particular those that modify treatment based on a participant's own response, are a core component of precision medicine approaches. Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trials (SMARTs) are…
Path planning in high-dimensional spaces poses significant challenges, particularly in achieving both time efficiency and a fair success rate. To address these issues, we introduce a novel path-planning algorithm, Zonal RL-RRT, that…
Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have made tremendous advancements in the past decades. From simple recommendation systems to more complex tumor identification systems, AI/ML systems have been utilized in a plethora of…
The authors propose robust adaptive strategies based on stochastic minimax optimization for a series of simulated treatments on a one-dimensional patient phantom. The plan applied during the first fractions should be able to handle…
This paper studies the scheduling of autonomous mobile robots (AMRs) at hospitals where the stochastic travel times and service times of AMRs are affected by the surrounding environment. The routes of AMRs are planned to minimize the daily…
This paper addresses the fast replanning problem in dynamic environments with moving obstacles. Since for randomly moving obstacles the future states are unpredictable, the proposed method, called SMARRT, reacts to obstacle motions and…
Two useful strategies to speed up drug development are to increase the patient accrual rate and use novel adaptive designs. Unfortunately, these two strategies often conflict when the evaluation of the outcome cannot keep pace with the…
Exoskeletons and orthoses are wearable mobile systems providing mechanical benefits to the users. Despite significant improvements in the last decades, the technology is not fully mature to be adopted for strenuous and non-programmed tasks.…
In stepped wedge cluster randomized trials (SW-CRTs), observations collected under the control condition are, on average, from an earlier time than observations collected under the intervention condition. In a cohort design, participants…
Educational interventions are effective tools for enhancing student learning. While Large Language Models (LLMs) allow for generating adaptive feedback at scale, current studies lack clear methodologies for providing Just-in-Time (JiT)…
Stepped-wedge cluster randomized trials (SW-CRTs) evaluate interventions rolled out across clusters over time. Standard analyses typically use immediate-treatment (IT) models, which assume effects begin at crossover and remain constant…
Human digital twins (HDTs) are dynamic, data-driven virtual representations of individuals, continuously updated with multimodal data to simulate, monitor, and predict health trajectories. By integrating clinical, physiological, behavioral,…
Clinical trial adaptation refers to any adjustment of the trial protocol after the onset of the trial. The main goal is to make the process of introducing new medical interventions to patients more efficient by reducing the cost and the…
This work addresses challenges in evaluating adaptive artificial intelligence (AI) models for medical devices, where iterative updates to both models and evaluation datasets complicate performance assessment. We introduce a novel approach…
Random testing (RT) is a black-box software testing technique that tests programs by generating random test inputs. It is a widely used technique for software quality assurance, but there has been much debate by practitioners concerning its…