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This work presents a tensor-network formulation of the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) and several of its variants. The approach represents candidate tours with tensor-network layers, weights them by Boltzmann factors, and enforces…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-18 Alejandro Mata Ali , Iñigo Perez Delgado , Aitor Moreno Fdez. de Leceta

Combinatorial optimization problems are crucial in industry. However, many COPs are NP-hard, causing the search space to grow exponentially with problem size and rendering large-scale instances computationally intractable. Conventional…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Eiji Kawase , Shuta Kikuchi , Hideaki Tamai , Shu Tanaka

Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a decision-making problem that is essential for a number of practical applications. Today, this problem is solved on digital computers exploiting Boolean-type architecture by checking one by one a number…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2023-02-13 Mykhaylo Balinskiy , Alexander Khitun

Machine learning (ML) formalizes the problem of getting computers to learn from experience as optimization of performance according to some metric(s) on a set of data examples. This is in contrast to requiring behaviour specified in advance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Tegan Maharaj

Generalized planning is concerned with the computation of general policies that solve multiple instances of a planning domain all at once. It has been recently shown that these policies can be computed in two steps: first, a suitable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-02-19 Guillem Francès , Blai Bonet , Hector Geffner

An important variant of the classic Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is the Dynamic TSP, in which a system with dynamic constraints is tasked with visiting a set of n target locations (in any order) in the shortest amount of time. Such…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-02-02 Aviv Adler , Oren Gal , Sertac Karaman

The Traveling Salesperson Problem (TSP), a quintessential NP-hard combinatorial optimisation challenge, is vital for logistics and network design but limited by exponential complexity in large instances. We propose a hybrid…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-01 Christos Lytrosyngounis , Ioannis Lytrosyngounis

Many real-world decision-making problems are combinatorial in nature, where states (e.g., surrounding traffic of a self-driving car) can be seen as a combination of basic elements (e.g., pedestrians, trees, and other cars). Due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Xintong Duan , Yutong He , Fahim Tajwar , Wen-Tse Chen , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Jeff Schneider

Tabular Prior-Data Fitted Network (TabPFN) is a foundation model designed for small to medium-sized tabular data, which has attracted much attention recently. This paper investigates the application of TabPFN in Combinatorial Optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Nguyen Gia Hien Vu , Yifan Tang , Rey Lim , Yifan Yang , Hang Ma , Ke Wang , G. Gary Wang

A wide variety of problems in machine learning, including exemplar clustering, document summarization, and sensor placement, can be cast as constrained submodular maximization problems. Unfortunately, the resulting submodular optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-04-23 Rafael da Ponte Barbosa , Alina Ene , Huy L. Nguyen , Justin Ward

Regression testing is an essential activity to assure that software code changes do not adversely affect existing functionalities. With the wide adoption of Continuous Integration (CI) in software projects, which increases the frequency of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Rongqi Pan , Mojtaba Bagherzadeh , Taher A. Ghaleb , Lionel Briand

Scheduling problems are a fundamental class of combinatorial optimization problems that underpin operational efficiency in manufacturing, logistics, and service systems. While operations research has traditionally developed solver-centric…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-03 Anbang Liu , Shaochong Lin , Jingchuan Chen , Peng Wu , Zuojun Max Shen

We initiate the study of online routing problems with predictions, inspired by recent exciting results in the area of learning-augmented algorithms. A learning-augmented online algorithm which incorporates predictions in a black-box manner…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-07-01 Hsiao-Yu Hu , Hao-Ting Wei , Meng-Hsi Li , Kai-Min Chung , Chung-Shou Liao

The Traveling-Salesperson-Problem (TSP) is arguably one of the best-known NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems. The two sophisticated heuristic solvers LKH and EAX and respective (restart) variants manage to calculate close-to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-05-28 Jakob Bossek , Pascal Kerschke , Heike Trautmann

Investigation of detailed and complex optimisation problem formulations that reflect realistic scenarios is a burgeoning field of research. A growing body of work exists for the Travelling Thief Problem, including multi-objective…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-02-10 Daniel Herring , Michael Kirley , Xin Yao

In this paper, we provide a mathematical framework for improving generalization in a class of learning problems which is related to point estimations for modeling of high-dimensional nonlinear functions. In particular, we consider a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-12-13 Getachew K. Befekadu

Real-world decision-making systems are often subject to uncertainties that have to be resolved through observational data. Therefore, we are frequently confronted with combinatorial optimization problems of which the objective function is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Guangmo Tong

The Orienteering Problem with Time Windows (OPTW) is a combinatorial optimization problem where the goal is to maximize the total score collected from different visited locations. The application of neural network models to combinatorial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-01 Ricardo Gama , Hugo L. Fernandes

We present a benchmark set for Traveling salesman problem (TSP) with characteristics that are different from the existing benchmark sets. In particular, we focus on small instances which prove to be challenging for one or more…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-06-26 Pouya Baniasadi , Vladimir Ejov , Michael Haythorpe , Serguei Rossomakhine

Model-free deep-reinforcement-based learning algorithms have been applied to a range of COPs~\cite{bello2016neural}~\cite{kool2018attention}~\cite{nazari2018reinforcement}. However, these approaches suffer from two key challenges when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-01 Nasrin Sultana , Jeffrey Chan , Tabinda Sarwar , A. K. Qin