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The geometric, aesthetic, and mathematical elegance of origami is being recognized as a powerful pathway to self-assembly of micro and nano-scale machines with programmable mechanical properties. The typical approach to designing the…

Neural networks can implement arbitrary functions. But, mechanistically, what are the tools at their disposal to construct the target? For classification tasks, the network must transform the data classes into a linearly separable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-23 Christian Keup , Moritz Helias

Two-dimensional (2D) origami tessellations such as the Miura-ori are often generalized to build three-dimensional (3D) architected materials with sandwich or cellular structures. However, such 3D blocks are densely packed with continuity of…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-07-02 Guowei Wayne Tu , Evgueni T. Filipov

In this paper, we will show methods to interpret some rigid origami with higher degree vertices as the limit case of structures with degree-4 supplementary angle vertices. The interpretation is based on separating each crease into two…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2017-09-12 Thomas C. Hull , Tomohiro Tachi

Soft deployable structures - unlike conventional piecewise rigid deployables based on hinges and springs - can assume intricate 3-D shapes, thereby enabling transformative technologies in soft robotics, shape-morphing architecture, and…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-03-21 Leixin Ma , Mrunmayi Mungekar , Vwani Roychowdhury , M. Khalid Jawed

The use of origami in engineering has significantly expanded in recent years, spanning deployable structures across scales, folding robotics, and mechanical metamaterials. However, finding foldable paths can be a formidable task as the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-09-30 Matthew Grasinger , Andrew Gillman , Philip Buskohl

We investigate the graphs formed from the vertices and creases of an origami pattern that can be folded flat along all of its creases. As we show, this is possible for a tree if and only if the internal vertices of the tree all have even…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2019-07-16 David Eppstein

A foundational result in origami mathematics is Kawasaki and Justin's simple, efficient characterization of flat foldability for unassigned single-vertex crease patterns (where each crease can fold mountain or valley) on flat material. This…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2022-04-11 Lily Chung , Erik D. Demaine , Dylan Hendrickson , Victor Luo

The field of rigid origami concerns the folding of stiff, inelastic plates of material along crease lines that act like hinges and form a straight-line planar graph, called the crease pattern of the origami. Crease pattern vertices in the…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2025-07-22 Thomas C. Hull

Can folding a piece of paper flat make it larger? We explore whether a shape $S$ must be scaled to cover a flat-folded copy of itself. We consider both single folds and arbitrary folds (continuous piecewise isometries $S\rightarrow R^2$).…

Origami has shown the potential to approximate three-dimensional curved surfaces by folding through designed crease patterns on flat materials. The Miura-ori tessellation is a widely used pattern in engineering and tiles the plane when…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2020-09-08 Yucai Hu , Yexin Zhou , Haiyi Liang

We map the problem of determining flat-foldability of the origami diagram onto the ground-state search problem of spin glass model on random graphs. If the origami diagram is locally flat-foldable around each vertex, a pre-folded diagram,…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-04-01 Chihiro Nakajima

Origami crease patterns are folding paths that transform flat sheets into spatial objects. Origami patterns with a single degree of freedom (DOF) have creases that fold simultaneously. More often, several substeps are required to…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Yucai Hu , Haiyi Liang

Folding is emerging as a promising manufacturing process to transform flat materials into functional structures, offering efficiency by reducing the need for welding, gluing, and molding, while minimizing waste and enabling automation.…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-10-20 João C. Neves , Bernardo R. Marques , Cristóvão S. Dias , Nuno A. M. Araújo

We develop recursion equations to describe the three-dimensional shape of a sheet upon which a series of concentric curved folds have been inscribed. In the case of no stretching outside the fold, the three-dimensional shape of a single…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2012-12-17 Marcelo A. Dias , Christian D. Santangelo

We prove that testing the flat foldability of an origami crease pattern (either labeled with mountain and valley folds, or unlabeled) is fixed-parameter tractable when parameterized by the ply of the flat-folded state and by the treewidth…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2023-06-22 David Eppstein

This paper deals with themes such as approximate counting/evaluation of the total number of flat-foldings for random origami diagrams, evaluation of the values averaged over various instances, obtaining forcing sets for general origami…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-09-06 Chihiro Nakajima

In this paper, we study how to fold a specified origami crease pattern in order to minimize the impact of paper thickness. Specifically, origami designs are often expressed by a mountain-valley pattern (plane graph of creases with relative…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-03-22 Erik D. Demaine , David Eppstein , Adam Hesterberg , Hiro Ito , Anna Lubiw , Ryuhei Uehara , Yushi Uno

Rigid origami has shown potential in large diversity of practical applications. However, current rigid origami crease pattern design mostly relies on known tessellations. This strongly limits the diversity and novelty of patterns that can…

Graphics · Computer Science 2023-05-01 Jeremia Geiger , Karolis Martinkus , Oliver Richter , Roger Wattenhofer

We introduce a computational origami problem which we call the segment folding problem: given a set of $n$ line-segments in the plane the aim is to make creases along all segments in the minimum number of folding steps. Note that a folding…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2022-01-17 Takashi Horiyama , Fabian Klute , Matias Korman , Irene Parada , Ryuhei Uehara , Katsuhisa Yamanaka