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Traditional chemical kinetics may be inappropriate to describe chemical reactions in micro-domains involving only a small number of substrate and reactant molecules. Starting with the stochastic dynamics of the molecules, we derive a…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 D. Holcman , Z. Schuss

In reinforcement learning (RL), it is often advantageous to consider additional constraints on the action space to ensure safety or action relevance. Existing work on such action-constrained RL faces challenges regarding effective policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Roland Stolz , Michael Eichelbeck , Matthias Althoff

Entanglement is a crucial resource for achieving quantum advantages in quantum computation, quantum sensing, and quantum communication. As shown in this Letter, entanglement is also a valuable resource for the coherent control of the large…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2025-05-19 Adrien Devolder , Timur Tscherbul , Paul Brumer

We analyze the solutions, on single network instances, of a recently introduced class of constraint-satisfaction problems (CSPs), describing feasible steady states of chemical reaction networks. First, we show that the CSPs generalize the…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2014-03-05 Alessandro Seganti , Federico Ricci-Tersenghi , Andrea De Martino

In many applied settings, the chemical Langevin equation and linear noise approximation are used in the simulation and data analysis of stochastic reaction networks. With the goal of exploring the sensitivities of reaction network paths to…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-12-24 Frederick Truman-Williams

Based on the theory of stochastic chemical kinetics, the inherent randomness and stochasticity of biochemical reaction networks can be accurately described by discrete-state continuous-time Markov chains. The analysis of such processes is,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2014-10-14 Andreychenko Alexander , Mikeev Linar , Wolf Verena

Reaction networks are a general formalism for describing collections of classical entities interacting in a random way. While reaction networks are mainly studied by chemists, they are equivalent to Petri nets, which are used for similar…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2021-11-23 John C. Baez

Stochastic Chemical Reaction Networks are continuous time Markov chain models that describe the time evolution of the molecular counts of species interacting stochastically via discrete reactions. Such models are ubiquitous in systems and…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-02-01 Theodore W. Grunberg , Domitilla Del Vecchio

We investigate, via Brownian dynamics simulations, the reaction dynamics of a simple, non-linear chemical network (the Willamowski-Rossler network) under spatial confinement and crowding conditions. Our results show that the presence of…

Biological Physics · Physics 2016-10-18 Giovanni Bellesia , Benjamin B. Bales

Chemical reaction networks (CRNs) are fundamental computational models used to study the behavior of chemical reactions in well-mixed solutions. They have been used extensively to model a broad range of biological systems, and are primarily…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2021-05-13 J. N. Mueller , J. N. Corcoran

Using random walk sampling methods for feature learning on networks, we develop a method for generating low-dimensional node embeddings for directed graphs and identifying transition states of stochastic chemical reacting systems. We…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-10-30 Paula Mercurio , Di Liu

Steady state is an essential concept in reaction networks. Its stability reflects fundamental characteristics of several biological phenomena such as cellular signal transduction and gene expression. Because biochemical reactions occur at…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2019-04-19 Tan Van Vu , Yoshihiko Hasegawa

We carry out an interacting shell-model study of binding energies and spectra in the $sd$-shell nuclei to examine the effect of truncation of the shell-model spaces. Starting with a Hamiltonian defined in a larger space and truncating to…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-09-01 G. F. Bertsch , C. W. Johnson

The inherently high computational cost of iterative self-consistent-field (SCF) methods proves to be a critical issue delaying visual and haptic feedback in real-time quantum chemistry. In this work, we introduce two schemes for SCF…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2016-03-10 Adrian H. Mühlbach , Alain C. Vaucher , Markus Reiher

Well-mixed chemical reaction networks (CRNs) contain many distinct chemical species with copy numbers that fluctuate in correlated ways. While those correlations are typically monitored via Monte Carlo sampling of stochastic trajectories,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-01-14 John P. Zima , Schuyler B. Nicholson , Todd R. Gingrich

Studying chemical reactions, particularly in the gas phase, relies heavily on computing scattering matrix elements. These elements are essential for characterizing molecular reactions and accurately determining reaction probabilities.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-24 Sumit Suresh Kale , Sabre Kais

The Finite State Projection (FSP) method approximates the Chemical Master Equation (CME) by restricting the dynamics to a finite subset of the (typically infinite) state space, enabling direct numerical solution with computable error…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Aditya Dendukuri , Shivkumar Chandrasekaran , Linda Petzold

Reaction networks are systems in which the populations of a finite number of species evolve through predefined interactions. Such networks are found as modeling tools in many biological disciplines such as biochemistry, ecology,…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2015-06-15 Ankit Gupta , Corentin Briat , Mustafa Khammash

Several different methods exist for efficient approximation of paths in multiscale stochastic chemical systems. Another approach is to use bursts of stochastic simulation to estimate the parameters of a stochastic differential equation…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2014-12-19 Simon Cotter , Radek Erban

The discrete chemical master equation (dCME) provides a fundamental framework for studying stochasticity in mesoscopic networks. Because of the multi-scale nature of many networks where reaction rates have large disparity, directly solving…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2017-07-27 Youfang Cao , Anna Terebus , Jie Liang